اثر بخشي آموزش مثبت‌ انديشي بر سرسختي و بهزيستي روان‌ شناختي زنان افسرده

Effects of Positive Thinking on Psychological Hardiness and Psychological Well-being in Depressed Women

زمينه و هدف: هدف نهايي روان‌شناسي مثبت‌گرا شناسايي سازه‌ها و شيوه‌هايي است كه بهزيستي و شادكامي انسان را در پي دارد؛ از اين ‌رو مطالعۀ حاضر، با هدف تعيين اثربخشي آموزش مثبت‌انديشي بر سرسختي و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي زنان افسرده انجام شد. روش بررسي: پژوهش حاضر نيمه‌آزمايشي از نوع پيش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعۀ آماري شامل تمامي زنان مبتلا به افسردگي بود كه در شش ماه دوم سال 1397 براي درمان به كلينيك‌ خدمات روان‌شناختي بهنود شهر اسلامشهر مراجعه كرده بودند. نمونۀ موردمطالعه شامل 30 نفر بود كه به روش نمونه‌گيري هدفمند انتخاب و در دو گروه 15 نفري (آزمايش و گواه) به‌صورت تصادفي قرار گرفتند. اعضاي هر دو گروه مقياس سرسختي روان‌شناختي كيامرئي و همكاران (1377) و فرم كوتاه بهزيستي روان‌شناختي ريف (1989) را تكميل كردند. سپس هشت جلسۀ 60 دقيقه‌اي مداخلۀ آموزشي مثبت‌انديشي براي گروه آزمايش برگزار شد و پس‌ از آن، هر دو گروه مجدداً ارزيابي شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخۀ 22 و آزمون تحليل كوواريانس چندمتغيره در سطح معني‌داري 0٫01 تحليل شدند. يافته‌ها: نتايج تحليل كوواريانس چندمتغيره حاكي از افزايش سرسختي و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي در گروه آزمايش نسبت به گروه گواه بود (0٫001>p). نتيجه‌گيري: بر اساس يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش از آموزش مثبت‌انديشي مي‌توان براي ارتقاي سرسختي و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي زنان افسرده استفاده كرد.

Background & Objectives: The presence of depression disorder could significantly impair self–care, personal life responsibility, psychological status, psychological well–being, and, the quality of life in the affected individuals. Psychological well–being consists of interdependent cognitive and emotional components. The concept of hardiness suggests that individuals could maintain their mental health, even in painful life circumstances. The ultimate goal of positive psychology is identifying the structures and practices that lead to human well–being and happiness; thus, the present study aimed to determine the effects of positive thinking on the psychological hardiness and well–being of depressed women. Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population consisted of all women with depression referring to Behnoud Psychology Clinic of Islamshahr in the second half of 2019. The sample included 30 subjects who were selected by purposive sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Both groups completed Kiamarei et al. (1998) Psychological Hardiness Scale and Ryff’s (1989) Psychological Well–Bing Inventory–Short Form. Then, the experimental group received eight 60–minute sessions of positive–thinking educational intervention. Next, both groups were re–evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) at a significance level of 0.01, and after the confirmation of statistical assumptions. Results: The obtained data revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of psychological hardiness and psychological well–being of depressed women in the experimental and control groups in the posttest phase. The results also indicated an increase in psychological hardiness and well–being in the experimental group, compared with the controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, positive thinking could be used to improve the psychological hardiness and well–being of depressed women. Additionally, it is suggested that educational workshops be held for the development of health and positive behaviors in Iranian women.