پديد آورندگان :
مولوي، عباس دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد بين المللي كيش، جزيره كيش، ايران - گروه روان شناسي , افشار زنجاني، حميد دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اصفهان، ايران - مركز تحقيقات روان تني - گروه روان پزشكي , حاجي عليزاده، كبري دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد بندرعباس، بندرعباس، ايران - گروه روان شناسي
كليدواژه :
خود مراقبتي , كيفيت زندگي , بهزيستي روان شناختي , ديابت نوع دو
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: وجودنداشتن فراگيري آموزش‌هاي مناسب درخصوص خودمراقبتي مي‌تواند فرايند مراقبت و درمان بيماران ديابتي نوع دو را تحت‌تأثير قرار دهد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعيين اثربخشي آموزش گروهي خودمراقبتي بر كيفيت زندگي و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي بيماران مبتلا به ديابت نوع دو بود.
روش بررسي: پژوهش حاضر نيمه‌آزمايشي از نوع پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه گواه و پيگيري بود. جامعه‌ٔ آماري پژوهش را بيماران مبتلا به ديابت نوع دو مراجعه‌كننده به مراكز درماني جزيرهٔ كيش در سال 1398 تشكيل دادند. نمونهٔ پژوهش 40 نفر از بيماران مبتلا به ديابت نوع دو بودند كه در آن افراد واجد شرايط داوطلب به‌صورت دردسترس انتخاب شدند و به شيوهٔ تصادفي ساده در گروه آموزش مبتني‌بر نيازهاي خودمراقبتي و گروه گواه قرار گرفتند (هر گروه 20 نفر). گروه‌ها فرم كوتاه پرسشنامهٔ كيفيت زندگي سازمان بهداشت جهاني (سازمان بهداشت جهاني، 1996) و مقياس بهزيستي روان‌شناختي (ريف، 1989) را تكميل كردند. آموزش خودمراقبتي در پنج جلسهٔ 90دقيقه‌اي براساس بستهٔ آموزشي فيروز و همكاران (1394) اجرا شد. از تحليل واريانس با اندازه‌گيري مكرر و آزمون تعقيبي بونفروني در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 22 استفاده شد. سطح معناداري آزمون‌ها 0٫05 در نظر گرفته شد.
يافته‌ها: آموزش خودمراقبتي به‌طور معناداري منجربه بهبود كيفيت زندگي (0٫008=p) و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي (0٫001>p) در گروه آزمايش در مقايسه با گروه گواه شد. همچنين در گروه آزمايش در نمرهٔ بهزيستي روان‌شناختي و كيفيت زندگي تفاوت معناداري بين مراحل پيش‌آزمون با پس‌آزمون و پيگيري وجود داشت (0٫001>p) و اثربخشي درمان ذهن‌آگاهي در مرحلهٔ پيگيري براي هر دو متغير بهزيستي روان‌شناختي (0٫197=p) و كيفيت زندگي (0٫170=p) ماندگار بود.
نتيجه‌گيري: براساس يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه آموزش گروهي خودمراقبتي بر كيفيت زندگي و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي بيماران مبتلا به ديابت نوع دو مؤثر است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycemia, insufficient secretion, or impaired insulin function. A component affected by diabetes is the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients. The QoL indicates the viewpoint of individuals about their
health status and the extent to which they are satisfied with it. Psychological wellbeing reflects optimal psychological performance and experience. Psychological wellbeing is defined as the growth of each individual's true talents. One of the most effective pieces of training for
patients with diabetes is needs–based self–care education. Self–care is a progressing process concerning increasing awareness through learning
that leads to the continuation of one's life along with the complex nature of diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the effects of group
self–care training on QoL and psychological wellbeing in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population of the
study included patients with type 2 diabetes referring to the medical centers of Kish Island, Iran, in 2019. The sample consisted of 40 patients
with type 2 diabetes. The study subjects were selected by convenience sampling approach; using a simple randomization method, they were
assigned into two groups of education based on self–care needs and control (n=20/group). The inclusion criteria were being diagnosed with
diabetes for ≥1 year, a hemoglobin A1C level of >7%, having a minimum age of 30 years, having a minimum of ninth–grade education, not
receiving psychological treatment since the diagnosis of disease, the lack of acute or chronic psychical or mental diseases, the lack of skeletal
diseases, the lack of heart and respiratory failures, etc. causing problems in blood sampling and attending long sessions, not taking psychotropic
drugs, and no substance abuse. Furthermore, severe complications of diabetes leading to hospitalization, absence from >2 treatment sessions,
and major stresses caused by unconceused accidents were also considered as the exclusion criteria. HbA1C test was performed three months
after the end of the training. The required data were achieved using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL–
BREF; WHO, 1996) and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Ryff, 1989). At the end of the sessions, both study groups re–completed the research
questionnaires and the HbA1C test was performed to follow up and evaluate the stability of the effect of the presented training. Self–care
education was performed in five 90–minute weekly sessions for two months based on Firooz et al.’s (2015) training package. Repeated–measures
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in SPSS at the significance level of 0.05 to analyze the obtained data.
Results: ANOVA data were significant for intra–group factor (time) (p<0.001) and inter–group factor (p=0.008). Additionally, the time*group
interaction was significant (p<0.001) with an effect size of 0.78. Respecting psychological wellbeing, the ANOVA result was significant for
intra–group factor (time) (p<0.001). Besides, the group*time interaction was significant (p<0.001) with an effect size of 0.76. There was also a
significant difference in psychological wellbeing and QoL between pretest with posttest and follow–up scores (p<0.001). Furthermore, the
effectiveness of the presented program in the follow–up phase was lasting for psychological wellbeing (p=0.197) and QoL (p=0.170).
Conclusion: Based on the current study findings, the provided group self–care training was effective on QoL and psychological wellbeing in patients with type 2 diabetes.
