اثر بخشي مداخلهٔ مبتني‌ بر ذهن‌ آگاهي بر تنظيم هيجان و نگراني از تصوير بدن زنان با اختلال بيش‌ خوري

The Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Emotion Regulation and Body Image Concern in Women With Binge Eating Disorder

زمينه و هدف: از مشكلات رايج در افراد مبتلا به اختلال بيش‌خوري، نگراني از تصوير بدن است و يكي ديگر از مكانيزم‌هاي مؤثر بر رفتار خوردن هيجاني در اين افراد، نارسايي در تنظيم هيجان است؛ بنابراين هدف پژوهش حاضر تعيين اثربخشي مداخلهٔ مبتني‌بر ذهن‌آگاهي در بهبود تنظيم هيجان و كاهش نگراني از تصوير بدن در زنان مبتلا به بيش‌خوري بود. روش‌ بررسي: پژوهش حاضر نيمه‌آزمايشي از نوع پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ آماري پژوهش را تمامي زنان مراجعه‌كننده به كلينيك‌ها و مراكز درمان چاقي شهر رشت در سال 1398 تشكيل دادند. از بين آن‌ها سي نفر (پانزده نفر براي هر گروه) مبتلا به بيش‌خوري به‌صورت دردسترس انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفي در گروه‌ آزمايش و گروه گواه گمارده شدند. براي جمع‌آوري اطلاعات، مقياس تنظيم هيجان (گراس و جان، 2003) و پرسشنامهٔ نگراني از تصوير بدني (لينتون و همكاران، 2005) به‌كار رفت. گروه آزمايش براساس پروتكل ذهن‌آگاهي سگال و همكاران (2018) به‌مدت هشت جلسهٔ 90دقيقه‌اي آموزش دريافت كرد؛ اما گروه گواه هيچ مداخله‌اي دريافت نكرد. تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از تحليل كوواريانس در سطح معناداري 0٫05 به‌كمك نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 21 صورت گرفت. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه بين گروه‌هاي آزمايش و گواه از نظر ابعاد فرونشاني و ارزيابي مجدد (0٫001>p) و نگراني از تصوير بدني تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد (0٫001>p). نتيجه‌گيري: باتوجه به يافته‌هاي تحقيق مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت، آموزش ذهن‌آگاهي در افزايش تنظيم هيجاني (شامل افزايش ارزيابي مجدد و كاهش فرونشاني هيجاني) و كاهش نگراني از تصوير بدني در زنان مبتلا به بيش‌خوري تأثير دارد و نياز است درمانگران به كاربرد ذهن‌آگاهي در درمان افراد مبتلا به بيش‌خوري توجه هرچه بيشتر كنند.

Background & Objectives: One of the most prevalent eating conditions is Binge Eating Disorder (BED). In examining the factors affecting eating disorders, researchers recognized that one of the most frequent issues in individuals with eating disorders is the concern with body image. The effects of failure to regulate emotions can increase the odds of an excessive disorder. Once Emotion Regulation (ER) fails, self–regulation in other contexts can also present control over eating behaviors. Besides, numerous issues are encountered by women with BED. ER and body image concern is of significant importance in eating disorders. Additionally, mindfulness training focuses on awareness about emotions; thus, it may be effective in appropriately regulating emotions and reducing their anxiety regarding their body image. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a mindfulness–based intervention on ER and body image concern among females with BED. Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women referring to obesity treatment centers in Rasht City, Iran, in 2019; of whom, at least 15 should have been included in the current experimental research. Thirty subjects (n=15/group) who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition (DSM–5) criteria for BED were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: women with BED; providing a written informed consent form to participate in the research; not receiving other training or medical interventions simultaneously, and presenting no physical or mental illnesses. The exclusion criteria of the study included no binge eating; reluctance to participate or continuing the research; receiving simultaneous training or other therapeutic interventions, and having chronic physical and mental illnesses. The Emotion Regulation Scale (Gross & John, 2003) and the Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleon et al., 2005) were used for data collection. The experimental group received training for eight 90–minute sessions based on mindfulness protocol (Segal et al., 2018). Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis of covariance at the significance level of 0.005 in SPSS. Results: The present study results suggested that in the posttest stage, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the research groups in terms of suppression (p<0.001) and reappraisal (p<0.001). Furthermore, there were significant differences between the mean posttest scores of the study groups concerning body image concerns (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the present study results, the provided mindfulness–based intervention could effectively increase ER (including increased reappraisal & reduced emotional suppression) and reduced body image concerns in women with BED; both of which are variables that cause eating disorders. Therefore, more attention is required by health authorities to the role of mindfulness–based interventions on different aspects of health in different groups of society.