پاسداشتِ مسئوليت معرفتي از راه برونگرايي معرفتي؛ پژوهشي در انديشه آيتالله جوادي آملي

Conservation of epistemic responsibility by external epistemic in point of view of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli

ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﮭﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﺳﺖ. در روﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﺮونﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ وﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺎورھﺎي ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ دارد. در اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد آن ﭼﻪ اھﻤﯿﺖ دارد ﻧﺤﻮه ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺎورھﺎي ﻣﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ روﻧﺪ ﺑﺎورﺳﺎزي اﺳﺖ. ارزش ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎور ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﯽ آن ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد داﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﺮﯾﻨﻪ ﻟﺰوﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي وﺻﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎورھﺎي ﺻﺎدق و در ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎورھﺎي ﺻﺎدق و ﮐﺎھﺶ ﺑﺎورھﺎي ﮐﺎذب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻧﮕﺎه ھﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ رﻧﮓ ﻣﯽﺑﺎزد اﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﻧﻮع دﯾﮕﺮي از ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان آن را ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﺑﺎواﺳﻄﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﮐﺮد. ھﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ آراء ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺑﺮونﮔﺮا و اﺳﺘﺎد ﺟﻮادي آﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دھﺪ آﯾﺖ ا ٰﷲّ ﺟﻮادي آﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارد و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ را از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺮونﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪِ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ. رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﻘﻮاي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﻞ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ- ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯽ و ﭘﺮھﯿﺰ از رذاﯾﻞ ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖھﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﯾﺸﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Epistemic duty issue is one of the most important subjects in epistemology. In contrast to the externalism approach, which emphasizes on epistemic duty and responsibility for justification of a belief, the internalism approach regarding epistemology is emerging which focus on the way accepting belief based on cognitive subject rather than epistemic duty. Important issues in this approach are the way of accepting belief and effective factors on the making belief trend. The epistemic value of a belief is determined based on emerging factors. In this approach, providing any justification not necessarily leads to true beliefs eventually finally increasing true beliefs and decreasing false beliefs. Despite in seem that epistemic duty is emerging. Ayatollah Javadi Amoli has an internalism approach and considers that justifications are required to have a belief. On the other hand, as Muslims hakim philosophers does not ignore epistemic process and external effective factors on knowledge. In epistemic process, he considers not epistemic external factor including health of senses, avoiding of sin and access to coaching else.