تبيين نظريه رابطه ذاتي نفس و بدن با نقدي بر نظريات ابن سينا و ملاصدرا

Explaining the theory of the intrinsic relationship between the soul and the body with a critique of the theories of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra

در ﺑﺎب ﻧﺤﻮه ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﺪن ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ از ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺣﮑﻤﺎ ﻣﻄﺮح ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ھﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﯿﻨﺎ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﻀﺎي اﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎھﯿﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ و از ﻧﻮع راﮐﺐ و ﻣﺮﮐﻮب ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ھﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﻀﺎي اﺻﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯿﻪ اﻟﺤﺪوث ﺑﻮدن ﻧﻔﺲ ذاﺗﯽ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوھﺶ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﻪ آرا در ﭘﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎدرﺳﺘﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﻓﺎع ﻧﺒﻮدن ھﺮ دو ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ و ﭘﺲ از آن ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ذاﺗﯽ ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﺪن را ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰات اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا دارد ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس اﺑﺘﺪا ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﯿﻨﺎ در ﺑﺎب ﻧﺤﻮه ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﺪن و اﺷﮑﺎﻻت آن ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﭘﺲ از آن ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا در ﺑﺎب ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﺪن ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﭘﯿﺶﻓﺮﺿﮭﺎي اﺻﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﻤﺎھﻮي در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯿﻪاﻟﺤﺪوث ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﮔﺮدد و ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻘﺎد ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻘﺪ ژرﻓﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ادﻟﻪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﺑﺮ ﺣﺪوث ﻧﻔﺲ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي اﯾﻦ ادﻟﻪ در اﺛﺒﺎت ﺣﺪوث ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن راﺑﻄﻪ ذاﺗﯽ ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا در ﭘﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدد. در ﮔﺎم ﺳﻮم ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ذاﺗﯽ ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﺪن ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا اﺳﺖ در ﭼﮭﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰات آن ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﯿﻨﺎ و ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

So far, various theories have been proposed by the scholars about the relationship between the soul and the body, so that some, such as Ibn Sina, consider such a relationship based on the originality of transcendental nature and of the type of rider and composite, while others, such as Mulla Sadra, consider it based on the originality of existence. an‎d the theory of the physicality of occurrence considers the soul to be inherent. This research is based on the method of information analysis and comparison of opinions in order to explain the inaccuracy or indefensibility of both theories and then to explain the theory of the intrinsic relationship between the soul and the body that has fundamental differences with Mulla Sadra's theory. On this basis, first Ibn Sina's theory on the relationship between the soul and the body and its defects is stated. To take. For a deeper critique of Mulla Sadra's theory, some of Mulla Sadra's arguments on the occurrence of the soul are also analyzed to examine the ineffectiveness of these arguments in proving the occurrence of the soul and the consequent inherent relationship between the soul and the body that Mulla Sadra seeks. In the third step, the theory of the intrinsic relationship between the soul and the body, which is different from Mulla Sadra's theory, is discussed in detail in four sections, and its differences with the theory of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra are explained.