تحليل و بررسي كنايات ديوان دانش مشهدي

Analysis the metaphors of Danesh Mashhady Poems

ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺻﻮر ﺧﯿﺎل ﺑﺮاي زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﻼم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺸﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ در ﺳﺨﻦ از آن ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. »داﻧﺶ ﻣﺸﻬﺪي« ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﭘﺮدازي را ﺑﺮاي اﻟﻘﺎي ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺎه ﻫﺪف ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺑﻮده و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه آراﯾﻪﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ادﺑﯽ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺢ، ﺗﺸﺒﯿﻪ، ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺪ، ﺗﺪاﻋﯽ و ... ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﻮاع ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ در دﯾﻮان داﻧﺶ ﻣﺸﻬﺪي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻢ ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ از ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﻮري، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﻠﯽ، ﺻﻔﺖ و ﻣﻮﺻﻮف در دﯾﻮان داﻧﺶ ﻣﺸﻬﺪي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ وﺿﻮح و ﺧﻔﺎ ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ اﯾﻤﺎء ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ آﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻗﺴﺎم ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎ، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و اﻏﻠﺐ ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺎﻋﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ آن را در ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.

Irony is one of the elements of imagery for the beauty of speech that poets use to discover the meanings of speech. Danesh Mashhadi has used different types of imagery to induce meanings. Sometimes the poet's purpose is only to cover the speech, and sometimes he uses irony along with other literary arrays such as implication, simile, abstraction, association, and so on. In this article, the descriptive-analytical methods of all kinds of irony and its aesthetic application in Danesh Mashhadi court are examined and analyzed. The findings of the study indicate that all three types of irony in grammatical terms, including: current irony, adjective and adjective are used in the Danesh Mashhadi court and the frequency of current irony is higher than other types of irony. In terms of clarity and secrecy, Imaa's irony has been considered by the poet due to its ease of understanding more than other types of allusions. Most of the allusions used by the poet are of the ironic type, which is easily understood by the audience.