ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﻮاﺟﻪ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﮐﺎر و ﺑﻨﺪه ﻧﺎﻓﺮﻣﺎن از ﺳﻌﺪي ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ و ﺳﺎﯾﻪ ﯾﻮﻧﮓ

An archetypal reading of Saadi's story "The benevolent eunuch and the disobedient servant" based on Jung's archetypal theory and shadow

ﺳﻌﺪي ﺷﯿﺮازي ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﭘﺮآوازه و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺎن و ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺳﻠﻮك و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ اي واﻻ در ﭘﻨﺪ و اﻧﺪرز ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن اﻣﺮوزي، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از اﺳﻄﻮره ﻫﺎ، ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ و ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻮاره زﺑﺎن زد ﺧﺎص و ﻋﺎم اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯿﺪﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻌﺪي ﺑﺎ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪن آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﯾﻮﻧﮓ، آﻧﻬﺎ را در اﺷﻌﺎرﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮده. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ از ذﮐﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻧﻮاع آن در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺳﻌﺪي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و روﯾﮑﺮد اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﭘﺲ از ﻏﻮر در ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺷﻌﺮ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﺷﻌﺎر او از ﺑﺎب ﭼﻬﺎرم )ﺗﻮاﺿﻊ( ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﯾﻢ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻌﺪي ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﻄﻮره ﺳﺎز ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﺶ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﻬﺎي ﺟﺎوداﻧﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. او ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮﺳﻮﻧﺎ درﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﯾﮏ ﻋﺎرف و ﻣﺼﻠﺢ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎﺷﮑﻞ دادن ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻋﺼﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺳﻌﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد اﻋﺘﺪال در داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎﯾﺶ را دارد. ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﯾﻪ، آﻧﯿﻤﺎ و ﺣﺎﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﺷﻌﺮش دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Saadi Shirazi, a famous and powerful Iranian poet, due to his familiarity with mysticism and the stages of conduct and high experience in advising modern man, using myths, symbols and archetypes, is always famous for every one. Studies show that Saadi used them in his poems with knowledge of the archetypes before being introduced by Jung. However, in this article, after mentioning the types of archetypes, it is tried to examine its types in Saadi's poems.To achieve this, with a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach after contemplation in Saadi Park, we have studied a poem from his collection of poems from the fourth chapter (humility).The results of this study indicate that Saadi creates immortal characters in his work through words that are the cause of myth-making. Using the archetype of the persona, he appears as a mystic and social reformer, and attempts to create moderation in his stories by embodying the rebellious archetype. Archetypes of shadows, anima, and patrons are also widely seen in his poetry.