بست نشيني در دوره صفويه

Resorting (Take refuge) in Safavid era

ﺑﺴﺖﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و داراي ﻗﺪاﺳﺖ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺮدم، ﯾﮑﯽ از راهﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﻆ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻓﺮدي ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ آن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ دوره ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﻪروﺷـﻨﯽ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪاي از ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺴﺖﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ آن ﯾﺎ اﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ ﻧﻤـﯽ دﻫﻨـﺪ، اﻣـﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻫﻤﺎن اﺧﺒﺎر اﻧﺪك و ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﺎن اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﮐﺮدهاﻧـﺪ درﯾﺎﻓـﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ دوره اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدﮔﯽ دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎرﯾﻪ، ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻮده و ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﻪروش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺑﺴﺖ-ﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ در دوره ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎ و ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴـﺖ ﺑـﻮده و ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ از ﺑﺴﺖﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎنﮔﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اداري در اﯾﻦ دوره ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘـ ﺶ اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﺎن ﺳﺘﻢدﯾﺪﮔﺎن را در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻈﺎﻟﻢ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺘﯽ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﺮدﻧﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾـﺪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎرﯾﻪ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ

Resorting (Take refuge) in some religious places in terms of people is one of the ways to protect individual security which those who resorted to it. The sources of Safavid era have no clear information about resorting and how it is customary, but based on the same news and the reports that European writers have presented, although not to the extent of the Qajarid era, places are known as sanctuary and those who have resorting them. In this paper, using descriptive - analytical method, the phenomenon of resorting in the Safavid period has been studied and the sites and facilities that have been sanctuary are described. The findings of this research indicate that some of the buildings and religious institutions and some political and administrative facilities are located in this period which have played security role in the protection of the oppressed people against the injustices of the government.