تاثير تحولات اجتماعي و فرهنگي بر گونه‌هاي مسكن طبقه متوسط (در دوره مياني و پاياني پهلوي دوم بين سال‌هاي 1332 تا 1357)

Impact of socio-cultural evolution on the determining the middle-class housing typology (in the middle and final period of second Pahlavi)

جهت شكل­ گيري مسكن مي­بايست به ابعاد مختلفي توجه نمود كه يكي از مهمترين اين ابعاد، طبقه اجتماعي ساكنين آن است. شكل­گيري طبقات اجتماعي در هر جامعه متاثر از عوامل اجتماعي و فرهنگي آن به شمار مي­رود كه نوسازي حكومت در دوران پهلوي، منجر به شكل­گيري طبقه متوسط جديد در كنار طبقه سنتي جامعه شد. اين پژوهش در­صدد است با شناسايي تحولات اجتماعي­- فرهنگي دوره پهلوي دوم، به بررسي عوامل تاثيرگذار بر ظهور طبقه متوسط جديد و سپس مسكن اين طبقه بپردازد. در اين راستا، شماري از كوي­هاي مسكوني تهران براساس طبقه اجتماعي ساكنان آن در دو دوره مياني و پاياني پهلوي دوم به عنوان جامعه آماري مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. اين پژوهش بر پايه روش كيفي و بر استدلال منطقي استوار است اما اساس پژوهش تحقيق، تاريخي تفسيري است كه استنتاج از تحليل­ها به صورت مقايسه­اي صورت مي­گيرد. گردآوري داده ­ها در اين پژوهش به صورت مطالعات كتابخانه­ اي، اسنادي و مشاهده ميداني بوده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي­دهد طبقه اجتماعي و ويژگي­هاي فرهنگي معيشتي طبقه متوسط جديد جامعه كه به دنبال تفكرات مدرن بودند، بر معماري مسكن اين گروه تاثير گذاشته و مسكن مدرن جايگزين مسكن سنتي شده است.

Introduction: Institutional housing is multi-functional that in order to form it different dimensions must be considered. One of the most important of these dimensions is the social class of its inhabitants. Its social and cultural factors influence the formation of social classes in any society. The modernization of government in the Pahlavi era led to the formation of a new middle class alongside the traditional class of society. Research objective: Since the relationship between the social and cultural foundations of the residents in residential complexes and housing architecture is one of the main issues that, if not addressed, can disrupt the activities of residents, this essay seeks to identify the socio-cultural developments of this period. Factors influencing the emergence of this new middle class and then question the underlying factors in the formation of middle-class housing. It has also been tried to provide a comparative comparison of the housing developments of this class in the middle and final period of the second Pahlavi. In order to examine the role of socio-cultural developments in the design of residential spaces of these two periods, some residential settlements in Tehran have been selected based on the social class of its residents as a statistical population. Methodology: The independent variable of the research is social and cultural classes. The dependent variable of those types of housing and the intervening variable is considered the second Pahlavi's middle and end periods. This research is based on qualitative methods and logical reasoning, but the basis of the research is a historical interpretation based on comparative analysis. In the course of the research, specialized books and articles were used. Several experts were consulted, and the collection of data was in the form of library studies, documents, and direct and field observations. Conclusion: Research results show that the social class and the cultural characteristics of the new middle-class of society, which were looking for modern ideas, have had a direct impact on the housing architecture of this group. In the new middle-class housing of the second Pahlavi middle period, some traditional housing models and some modern housing models were ignored, and quasi-modernist housing was formed. Also, in the new middle-class housing of the last Pahlavi second period, residential architecture took a deep distance from traditional housing. Modern housing has replaced traditional housing.