بررسي ميزان عناصر سنگين جيوه، مس و روي در بافت عضله و كبد ماهي قزل‌آلاي ‌رنگين‌كمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) پرورشي در منابع مختلف آبي استان آذربايجان غربي

Survey on heavy metals of Hg, Cu and Zn in muscle and liver tissues of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in various water resources of West Azarbaijan province

در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺟﯿﻮه، ﻣﺲ و روي در ﻋﻀﻠﻪ و ﮐﺒﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺰلآﻻي رﻧﮕﯿﻦﮐﻤﺎن در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ ﭼﺎه، ﭼﺸﻤﻪ و رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻬﯿﻪ 20 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ از ﻫﺮ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزﻧﯽ 220 ﮔﺮم، ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺳﺮد و دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺟﺬب اﺗﻤﯽ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ وﺟﻮد ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺎﻓﺖ، ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ و ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺑﻮد )0/05˂P(. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﯿﻮه )0/73±0/18 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم( و روي )101/2±18/6 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم( در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺒﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺲ )88/84±34/22 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم( در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺒﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ ﭼﺎه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻓﻠﺰ روي ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ ﺑﻮد )0/05˂P(. راﺑﻄﻪ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺑﺎ وزن و ﻃﻮل ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﯿﻮه ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي EPA, FAO, WHO, UK MAFF, FDA و NHMRC ﺑﻮد و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺲ و روي ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻫﺎي FAO EPA و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن، ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺪاوم آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آب و ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﭘﺮورﺷﯽِ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﺑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ.

In this study, the amount of heavy metals Hg, Cu and Zn in muscle and liver of rainbow trout were compared in farms were compared in three sources of water well, spring and river in west Azarbaijan province. After supplying 20 fish samples from each water source (weight: 220g) heavy metals of the tissues were measured using Cold-Vapor technique and atomic absorption flame spectrometry. The results indicated significant relationship between tissues, water source and fish sex with the metals accumulation. The highest amounts of Hg (0.73±0.18 mg/kg) and Zn (101.2±18.6 mg/kg) observed in liver of fish in river water source, and the highest amount of Cu (88.84±34.22 mg/kg) was observed in liver of fish in well water source. Regardless of the source of water, comparison of amount of heavy metals in tissues of both sex showed that accumulated metals in female tissues was significantly (P˂0.05) more than that of male. There wasn’t significant linear-regression between metals accumulation and fish biometric indices. The amount of Hg in muscle of fish in water sources was lower than standards (EPA, FAO, WHO, UK MAFF, FDA, NHMRC), and amount of Cu and Zn of muscle in water sources was less than EPA and FAO standards respectively, and was more than other standards. According to the results, spring is the best water source, and it is essential to continuously monitor the water and farmed fish pollution in river's water source to maintain the health of fish consumers.