حسابداري آب ضرورتي براي ساماندهي اطلاعات، گزارش دهي، برنامه ريزي و ارزيابي منابع و مصارف آب (مطالعه موردي: حوضه آبريز رخ-نيشابور)

Water Accounting a Necessity for Organizing Information, Reporting, Planning and Assessing water Resources and Consumptions(Case study: Rokh-Nieshaboor

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺤﺮان آب در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻧﺒﻮد ﯾﮏ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺷﺪه دﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاي آﮔﺎﻫﯽ رﺳﺎﻧﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﺟﺰاي ﺗﺮاز آﺑﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫـﺎي آب اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﯾﮏ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري آب ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺿﺮورت ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎن دادن ﻇﺮﻓﯿـﺖ ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮب +WA ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻫﺎي آب در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ رخ–ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮر اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﮔﺰارش دﻫﯽ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾـﺰي و ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ اراﺋـﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت درﺑﺮﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ﮔﺮدآوري آﻣﺎر از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره اي و ﻣـﺪل ﺳـﺎزي اﺳـﺖ. ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﯾـﺰي درﺑﺮﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﭘﺮدازي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻢ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﻮﺑﺎت ﺷﻮراي ﻋﺎﻟﯽ آب دو ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮداﺷـﺖ از آﺑﺨـﻮان در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪ. ﮔﺰارش دﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ +WA ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل ﺗﺮ، ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺧﺸﮏ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ واﻗﻌﯽ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﺑﺨـﺶ ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮگ و ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ واﻗﻌﯽ و ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آب در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ رخ-ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮر ﻫـﺮ ﺳﺎل اﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ذﺧﯿﺮه آﺑﺨﻮان رخ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ 80 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎرش در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿـﺮ و از دﺳـﺘﺮس ﺧـﺎرج ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ از آﺑﺨﻮان )ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح اﺣﯿﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﺨﺸﯽ( ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ از آﺑﺨﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه آب ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺷـﻮد ﮐﺴﺮي ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ رﺳﯿﺪه و ﺑﻪ ذﺧﯿﺮه آن اﻓﺰوده ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

One of the main causes of the water crisis in Iran is the lack of a well-organized framework for providing information about water balance components and water uses. Therefore, the use of a water accounting framework is a necessity. The purpose of this study is to show the capacity of the WA + framework for the preparation of water accounts in Rokh-Neishaboor basin, which is presented in four main sections: Organizing information, reporting, planning and assessing. The Organizing information section includes the collection of data from various sources, including of satellite measurements and modelling. The planning section include scenario development that in this study, two scenarios of reducing aquifer withdrawals were considered which were in line with the approvals of the Supreme Water Council. Reporting was done by completing various WA + sheets for three years inculding wet, normal and dry under real and scenario conditions. The assessing section was presented by the indicators for each sheet and for real and scenarios conditions.The results of the water situation in the basin showed that in Rokh-Neishaboor basin, a sharp drop in aquifer storage occurs every year. Also, about 80% of rainfall in the basin evaporates and becomes unavailable. Finally, the findings of using scenarios to reduce aquifer withdrawals (according to aquifer restoration plan( showed that if the aquifer withdraw was equal to renewable water, the annual aquifer deficit would reach zero and its reserve would increase.