اثرات جايگزيني پودر ماهي جيره‌غذايي با مخمر (Saccharomyces cervisiae) بر شاخص‌هاي رشد و تغذيه بچه‌ماهيان قزل‌آلاي رنگين‌كمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of dietary fish meal replacement with Yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) on growth and feeding indices rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss

در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، اﺛﺮات ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺗﮏﯾﺎﺧﺘﻪ )Saccharomyces cerevisiae ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻗﺰلآﻻي رﻧﮕﯿﻦﮐﻤﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ده ﻫﻔﺘﻪ در ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎرﮔﺎه ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ واﻗﻊ در روﺳﺘﺎي ﺑﻬﺸﺖ آﺑﺎد ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردل اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 1 ﯾﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 2 ﺣﺎوي دوﺳﻮم ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ+ ﯾﮏﺳﻮم ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺗﮏﯾﺎﺧﺘﻪ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 3 ﺣﺎوي دوﺳﻮم ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺗﮏﯾﺎﺧﺘﻪ+ ﯾﮏﺳﻮم ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 4 ﯾﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺗﮏﯾﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن دورهي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ، ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ، ﻧﺮخ رﺷﺪ وﯾﮋه و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 1 و 2 )ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 2( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 3 و 4 ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 4( داراي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﺒﺪي و اﺣﺸﺎﯾﯽ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪ )0/05>P(. ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﻧﺮخ ﺑﺎزده ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 1 و 2 )ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 2( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺸﺎن داد )0/05P(. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﺟﻬﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎديﺗﺮ ﮐﺮدن ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﭽﻪﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻗﺰلآﻻي رﻧﮕﯿﻦﮐﻤﺎن، ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 25 درﺻﺪ و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺗﮏﯾﺎﺧﺘﻪي ﻣﺨﻤﺮ ﺳﺎﮐﺎروﻣﯿﺴﺲﺳﺮوﯾﺰﯾﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﻮد.

In this study the effects of replacing fish meal with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on feeding and growth in rainbow trout (Onvorhynchus mykiss) fry were analyzed. The experiments of this study were conducted for a period of 10 weeks during summer 2019 in a fish farm located in Chahar-Mahal and Bakhtiari Province (Iran). In treatments used in this study, different ratios of fish meal and yeast were used in production of experimental fish food plates: 1) only fish meal, 2) 66% fish meal and 33% yeast, 3) 66% yeast and 33% fish meal, and 4) only yeast. Based on the results of this study the first two treatments in which only fish meal and 66% fish meal plus 33% yeast were included as animal protein sources were significantly better compared to the 3rd and 4th treatments regarding growth indices (mean final weight, specific growth rate, and condition factor). There were no significant differences observed among treatments for hepatosomatic and visceral indices (P>0.05). The best food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio, and food efficiency were observed in treatments 1 and 2, which differed significantly from other treatments (P<0.05). The total feed consumption by each individual and the total daily food consumption were not significantly different among treatment used in this study (P>0.05). In conclusion, it can be proposed that replacement of 25-50% fish meal with yeast in fish feed plates can provide a more economic fish food.