تأثير استفاده از فيس‌بوك بر اعتماد سياسي(مورد مطالعه: دانشجويان دانشگاه‌هاي پيام‌نور استان اصفهان)

The Impact of Using Facebook on Political Trust (Case of Study: Students of Payame Noor Universities in Isfahan Province)

اﻣﺮوزه رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻓﯿﺲ ﺑﻮك، ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺻﻪاي ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪي ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻗﺼﺪ داردﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮاﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﯿﺲﺑﻮك، ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن در ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ و ﺳﻄﺢ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ دروﻧﯽ ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺪل ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ داراي ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﺮي اﺳﺖ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﮔﯿﺪﻧﺰ وﺑﻨﺪورا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ واﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ داراي اﻋﺘﺒﺎر و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﮥ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 384 ﻧﻔﺮ و روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 2/35، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺸﮕﺮان ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ 2/79 و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ 2/19 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان ﻓﯿﺲﺑﻮك ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان ﮐﻢﺗﺮ و اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. از دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮاﯾﻨﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﯿﺲﺑﻮك در ﻃﻮل ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪروز ﺑﺮ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺖ اﻓﺮاد در ﻓﯿﺲﺑﻮك ﺑﺮ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺧﺒﺎر و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺘﻔﺎه ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺢ و ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯽ از ﻓﯿﺲﺑﻮك ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

. Defining each of the developed parameters in the research model has a theoretical basis. The theoretical framework of the research is developed using the views of Giddens and Engelhart. The research method in this research is documentary and survey and the tool of data collection is questionnaire which its validity and reliability is approved. The statistical population of this survey is all students of PayamNoor universities in Isfahan province and the number of sample is 384 and the method sampling is stratified random sampling. In this regard, the test results of the hypotheses showed that the average of confidence in political institutions among the sample is 2.35, the average of confidence in political activists is 2.79 and the average confidence in the political system is 2.19. Other results also showed that the average of political trust of Facebook users is lower than that of non-users, and this difference is significant. Another result of the present study is that the duration of Facebook use during the day has a significant effect on political trust. Furthermore, the length of one's membership on Facebook has a significant effect on political trust. Following the political news and information has a significant impact on people's political trust. The level of having fun and entertainment in Facebook has a significant effect on users' political trust.