پديد آورندگان :
رنجبرمتعلق، فرانك دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران , واعظي، رضا دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - گروه مديريت دولتي، تهران، ايران , ضيائي، محمود دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - گروه مديريت جهانگردي، تهران، ايران , حسين پور، داود دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - گروه مديريت دولتي، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
دستوركار خط مشي عمومي , دستورگذاري , مسائل حوزه‌ي گردشگري , تحليل محتوا , ايران
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Policy agenda setting significantly affects tourism policies, describing
which tourism issues make onto public policy agenda. Given the
considerable gap in studying this stage, this paper seeks to explore Iran's
public policy agenda between 2013 and 2019, focusing on different
types of tourism issues. Conducting an archival study, data related to
agenda indicators were drawn from three institutional venues in Iran:
legislative-led, executive-led, and budget indicators. The qualitative
content analysis of official documents showed that relatively a few
issues reached the agenda, including those related to tourism
management, developing tourism products, and enacting relevant rules
and regulations. However, tourism marketing and tourism information
management issues were less considered in the agenda-setting process.
It is argued that failure in getting different types of issues onto the agenda could result in gaps in subsequent tourism policies, affecting
tourism development.
Introduction
Considering Tourism as one of the fastest-growing economic sectors, it
is introduced as an effective tool for economic development in Iran.
Tourism policies play a vital role in pursuing this goal, since they
determine the direction or course of action to develop tourism(Goeldner
& Ritchie, 2009). However, the low contribution of the tourism industry
to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Iran (Bahmani & Namamian,
2021; Farzin, Abbaspoor, Ashrafi & Zargham Boroojeni, 2020)
indicates that Iran's tourism policies fail in pursuing their intended
goals(Karoubi, Yavari Gohar, Zarea & Abbasi, 2020). Regardless of the
quality of tourism policy, the successful transmission of tourism issues
to the public policy agenda assures policy formation in addressing these
issues. In this regard, exploring the agenda-setting stage in public
policy-making could better understand tourism policy-making. Given
the considerable gap in studying agenda setting, this paper explores
Iran's public policy agenda, focusing on different types of tourism
issues. Materials and Methods
This study considers the status of different tourism issues on Iran's
public policy agenda over the years between 2013 and 2019. They were
conducting archival research, data drawn from three institutional
venues in Iran, including legislative-led, executive-led, and budget
indicators, looking for tourism-related keywords in both title and
context of the official documents. Qualitative content analysis was used
as the main method in two coding circles: open and axial coding. The
emergent categories represent the main groups of the issues which made
it onto the agenda.
Discussion and Results
The relative share of tourism issues on the agenda was calculated
through qualitative content analysis of 4800 official documents,
including tourism policies, congressional hearings, tourism bills,
Tourism proposals, and government spending. As a result, 486 documents were identified with a focus on tourism issues. Minor
changes in the relative share of the issue on the agenda during 2013-
2019 reflect the failure in tourism agenda setting.
Turning to the typology of the tourism issues, six categories were
identified: tourism management and organization, tourism product
development, tourism rules and regulations, tourism marketing, tourism
human resources, and tourism information management. While the first
three stood in the main category in most of the agenda indicators, issues
related to marketing and information management have been less
considered.
Conclusions
Using a variety of policy agenda indicators to study the transmission of
different types of tourism issues to public policy process, this study
differs from few past agenda-setting research in the context of Iran in
which only policies are explored.
In conclusion, it is argued that the failure in getting different tourism
issues onto the public policy agenda is one of the main challenges in
tourism policy-making and subsequently in tourism development in this
country. Emphasizing less-considered issues as agenda-setting
priorities could effectively address the gaps in needed tourism policies.
This paper suggests that participatory tourism management at the macro
level might facilitate the transmission of the tourism priorities towards
the policy agenda.
