راهكارهاي توسعه ظرفيت‌هاي گردشگري پايدار روستايي در شهرستان خرم‌آباد

Solutions for Developing Sustainable Rural Tourism Capacities in Khorramabad City

اين پژوهش با بهره‌گيري از پارادايم كيفي و نظريه مفهوم سازي بنيادي با استفاده از الگوي گيلزر و اشترواس به مطالعه راهكارهاي توسعه ظرفيت‌هاي گردشگري پايدار روستايي در روستاهاي شهرستان خرم‌آباد پرداخته است. جامعه موردمطالعه، از بين كارشناسان سازمان گردشگري، ميراث فرهنگي و صنايع‌دستي، اساتيد و دانشجوياني كه درزمينهٔ گردشگري فعاليت داشته‌اند، انتخاب‌شده‌اند و روش نمونه‌گيري به شـكل هدفمندگلوله‌برفـي انجام شـد. ابتدا منابع موجود ظرفيت‌هاي گردشگري موجود بالقوه و بالفعل در روستاهاي شهرستان خرم‌آباد در بخش‌هاي مختلف صنايع‌دستي، طبيعت‌گردي، اماكن تاريخي و مذهبي مورد شناسايي قرار گرفت و در ادامه با استفاده از مصاحبه نيم‌ساختارمند به بررسي راهكارهاي توسعه اين صنعت پرداخته‌شده است. نتايج نشان داد "استفاده از امكانات بالقوه سنتي روستاها"، "برنامه‌هاي آموزشي" و "مشاركت مردم محلي"، "مديريت و برنامه‌ريزي"، "قانون‌گذاري و سياست‌گذاري"، "حمايت از صنايع‌دستي" و نيز توجه به "تبليغات" ميتواند در راستاي توسعه گردشگري روستايي اين شهرستان مؤثر واقع گردد.

Introduction Today, rural tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries worldwide. Rural tourism has been introduced as a key approach to rural development and poverty reduction. Rural tourism can be a way for the social and economic development of local communities. The "combining rural with tourism" approach is a relatively effective global development path for rural areas. The industry is also one of the important sources of production, income, employment, and infrastructure in rural areas to achieve sustainable development. Khorramabad City, the capital of Lorestan province, has a high unemployment rate and many unemployed youths. These reasons have led to a lot of migration from rural to urban areas. Therefore, solutions must be adopted to reduce unemployment and organize the current problems. The livelihood of Khorramabad city villages is based on agriculture. Therefore, paying attention to rural tourism will be able to accelerate the economic prosperity of these communities. The villages of Khorramabad city have many natural attractions. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the solutions for developing sustainable rural tourism capacities in the villages of Khorramabad city using the views and opinions of experts. Numerous researches have been done in the field of sustainable rural tourism development strategies. Some research has identified "government planning" and "participation" in rural tourism as important. The results of other studies also consider the "management factor" as a solution for rural tourism development. Other researchers also consider solutions such as "development of communication infrastructure," "increase of local food production," "expansion of production and sale of local handicrafts" to be important for the realization of rural tourism. Convenient amenities such as "hotel and local market" have also resulted from other research. Materials and Methods The present research is qualitative. This research was conducted with Grounded Theory. Grounded theory is a systematic methodology that has been largely, but not exclusively, applied to qualitative research conducted by social scientists. The methodology involves the construction of hypotheses and theories through the collecting and analysis of data. The validity of this study was done with trigemination. In this study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The sampling method was snowball one. The study population was selected from experts, professors, and students who have worked in tourism. First, tourism capacities in the villages of Khorramabad city were identified in different parts. In the following, using semi-structured interviews, rural tourism development strategies are examined. Data analysis in this study was performed by content analysis. The research was coded with three levels. It should be noted that the mentioned steps were performed using ATLAS.ti software. Discussion and Results In the first step, using documents, tourism capacities in the villages of Khorramabad city were identified in different sections. In the following, "Solutions for the development of sustainable rural tourism" is reviewed. The order of the obtained solutions was based on the degree of the initial codes repetition and their importance Because not all solutions are equally important. The solutions are in order of importance: Solution 1: "Management and Legislation," Solution 2: "Planning and participation," Solution 3: "Support - Infrastructure," Solution 4: "Supporting Rural Industries," Solution 5: "Pay attention to local culture," Solution 6: "Introduce the regions." Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, it has been determined that special attention to the "use of traditional rural facilities" is considered an important solution in the development of rural tourism. Therefore, maintaining the local structure in the villages can be one of the important measures. Other results showed that using "educational strategy to attract local participation" can play an important role in tourism development. Therefore, based on the results of this research, educational tools can be used to attract public participation and empower villagers. Also, the study showed that supporting "handicrafts" is another important factor in rural tourism development. In this regard, supportive policies should be implemented to solve the problems. Implementing these policies can lead to the development of handicrafts in tourist areas. To develop sustainable tourism, "suitable tourism areas" must be identified so that people can travel there.