تاثير آموزش گروهي والدگري راه‌حل- محور به مادران بر پرخاشگري و حل مساله كودكان پيش‌دبستاني

The effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ واﻟﺪﮔﺮي راهﺣﻞ- ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺎدران ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷـﮕﺮي و ﺣـﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪآزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ 1398-99 ﺑـﻮد ﮐﻪ 40 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺴـﺎوي )20 ﻧﻔـﺮ در ﻫـﺮ ﮔﺮوه( ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘـﻪاي آﻣـﻮزش ﮔﺮوﻫـﯽ واﻟـﺪﮔﺮي راهﺣـﻞ- ﻣﺤـﻮر درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮد و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻧﺪﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷـﮕﺮي )ﺑـﺎس و ﭘﺮي، 1992( و ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ )ﻫﭙﻨﺮ، 1988( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار 19-SPSS اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل در ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣـﻮن از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷـﮕﺮي و ﺣـﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ )P>0/05(، اﻣﺎ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨـﺎداري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )P<0/05(. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ واﻟﺪﮔﺮي راهﺣﻞ- ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎدران ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪ.

The aim of this study was determine the effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children. This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was mothers of preschool children of Mashhad in the 2019-20 academic years, which from them 40 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes group training solution-focused parenting and the control group received no training. To collected data used from the questionnaires of aggression (Buss & Perry, 1992) and problem solving (Heppner, 1988). To analyzed data used from tests of Fisher, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS-19 software. The findings showed that in the pre-test there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of aggression and problem solving (P>0/05), but in the post-test there was significant difference in terms of both variables (p < 0/05). This means that group training solution-focused parenting to mothers led to decrease aggression and increase problem solving of preschool children. Therefore, it is recommended to use from group training solution-focused parenting method to improve psychological characteristics especially decreasing aggression and increasing problem solving.