شناسايي مولفه هاي موثر بر شايستگي حرفه اي مديران مدارس از ديد متخصصان آموزش و پرورش

Identifying the Effective Components on Professional Competence of Schools Managers from the Perspective of Education Experts

ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺪارس ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﻘـﺶ آن در ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ اي ﻣﻌﻠﻤـﺎن، ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻓﺮاﯾﻨـﺪ ﯾـﺎددﻫﯽ و ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي و ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﺿﺮورﺗﯽ اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺪارس از دﯾﺪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن آﻣﻮزشوﭘﺮورش ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﯿﻮه اﺟﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن آﻣﻮزشوﭘﺮورش در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1397-98 ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 15 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺻﻞ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ از روش ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و دادهﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮔﺮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺌـﻮري ﺑـﺎ روش ﻫـﺎي ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز، ﻣﺤﻮري و اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺷﺎﯾﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ اي ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺪارس ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻫﻔﺪه ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ )زﯾﺮﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ( ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ )ﯾﮏ زﯾﺮﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ(، ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ادراﮐﯽ )ﯾﮏ زﯾﺮﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﮐﺘﺴﺎب ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫـﺎي ادراﮐـﯽ( ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ و ذﻫﻨﯽ- اﺧﻼﻗﯽ )دو زﯾﺮﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ذﻫﻨـﯽ و اﺧﻼﻗﯿـﺎت (، ﻣﻬـﺎرت ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ )ﯾﺎزده زﯾﺮﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت درونﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﺮونﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، رﻫﺒﺮي ﻓﺮاﯾﻨـﺪﻫﺎي ﯾﺎددﻫﯽ و ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي، رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺗﺠﻬﯿـﺰات، ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨـﺎن، ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات و ﺗﺤﻮﻻت درونﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺗﺨﺼﺺ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻓﻨﺎوري( و داﻧﺶ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ دو زﯾﺮﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﯽ و داﻧﺶ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﯾﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ اي ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺪارس ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﻋﯽ آن ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي اﺻـﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﻋـﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﺎم ﻣﻮﺛﺮي در ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي آﻧﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷت

Professional competence of schools managers in an inevitable necessity because of its role in the professional development of teachers, improvement teaching and learning process and success of students. The aim of this research was identifying the effective components on professional competence of schools managers from the perspective of education experts. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and was qualitative in terms of implementation. The research community was education experts in 2018-19 academic years which number of 15 people of them were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation by purposive and snowball sampling methods. In order to collect data was used from semi-constructed interview method and data were analyzed based on the grounded theory approach by open, axial and selective coding methods. The findings showed that effective components on professional competence of schools managers included five main categories and seventeen sub-categories. The main categories include human skills (one category of human indicators), perceptual skills (one category of acquisition of perceptual skills), psychological and mental-moral indicators (two categories of cognitive and mental indicators and ethics), managerial skills (eleven categories of intra-organizational communication management, extra-organizational communication management, leadership of teaching and learning processes, planning, organizational behavior, monitoring on research, financial resources and equipment, employee development, monitoring on intra-organizational changes, evaluation and control and technology specialization and skill) and specialized knowledge (two categories of technical knowledge and public knowledge).