بررسي غلظت فلزات سنگين سرب، نيكل، آرسنيك و كادميوم در خاك، سبزيجات جعفري و شويد پايين دست رودخانه كارون

Investigation of Concentration of Heavy Metals in Lead, Nickel, Arsenic and Cadmium in Soil, Parsley Vegetables and Downstream of Karun River

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺮب، ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﺳﺒﺰﯾﺠﺎت ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ ﺟﻌﻔﺮي و ﺷﻮﯾﺪ و ﺧﺎك در اراﺿﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ دﺳﺖ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺎرون در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1397 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻃﯽ ﻣﺪت 2 ﻣﺎه در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ ﺗﺎ اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ 48 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﺧﺎك از آن ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ و ﻫﻀﻢ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺟﮑﺴﻮن و ﻫﻀﻢ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎك ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش EPA3050 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺳﺮب ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 628/77±32/50 و 748/40±57/45 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﺧﺎك زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻮﯾﺪ و ﺟﻌﻔﺮي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ را داﺷﺖ. در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن، ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﺮب ﺑﺎ 667/68±85/67 و 678/80±53/70 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در دو ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻮﯾﺪ و ﺟﻌﻔﺮي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ را داﺷﺖ. ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم، ﻧﯿﮑﻞ و آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ در ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه رﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ دو ﻓﻠﺰ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم و ﺳﺮب در ﺧﺎك زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻮﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺧﺎك زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺟﻌﻔﺮي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﺧﺎك در ﻣﺤﺪوده اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻓﻠﺰات از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻮرد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﻮﯾﺪ و ﺟﻌﻔﺮي، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، ﺳﺮب، آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺠﺎز ﻗﺮار ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻮﯾﺪ و ﺟﻌﻔﺮي اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷﻮﯾﺪ و ﺟﻌﻔﺮي، ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ از ﻓﻠﺰات در ﺑﺪن اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium heavy metals in edible vegetables Petroselinum crispum and Anethum graveolens and soil in downstream Karun River lands in 2018. The number of studied grafts in the lower reaches of the river and sampling during the period of 2 months from April to May, which 48 plant and soil samples from these fields were collected, and digestion of plant tissues using the Jackson method and Soil digestion was also performed using the EPA3050 method. The lead concentration was 628.77± 32.50 and 748.40 ± 57.45 mg/kg, respectively, in the soil under cultivation of Petroselinum crispum and Anethum graveolens. In plants, lead with 667.68±85.67 and 678.80±53.70 mg/kg in both Petroselinum crispum and Anethum graveolens plants had the highest concentrations. Cadmium, nickel and arsenic in the soil and plant were next rank. The concentration of two cadmium and lead metals in the soil under shrubs Anethum graveolens was higher than the Petroselinum crispum cultivar. The comparison of the heavy metal concentration with the global standard showed that only the soil nickel was within the WHO standard and that the other metals exceeded the standard. In the case of plants Petroselinum crispum and Anethum graveolens the levels of nickel, lead, arsenic and cadmium were not within the permitted range. Comparison between the concentration of heavy metals between soil and plant shows that the concentration of metals between soil and plant Petroselinum crispum and Anethum graveolens was not significantly different. According to the results of this study, the use of Petroselinum crispum and Anethum graveolens leads to accumulation of high amounts of metals in the human body.