طراحي مدل توسعه پايدار مشاركت ورزش دانش آموزي ايران

Developing the Sustainable Development Model of Student Sport Participation in Iran

ﻫﺪف از اﺟﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺪل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ورزش داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزي اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮد. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ داده ﺑﻨﯿﺎد ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﯾﯽ و اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮوي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ذي ﻧﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ و دور ﺣﻮزه ورزش داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزي ﺑﻮد. از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي، ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻈﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي اداﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و ﺗﻌﺪاد 20 ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﮥ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﺪ و اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻋﻀﺎ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ در ﻃﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز، ﮐﺪ ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺤﻮري و ﮐﺪ ﮔﺬاري اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﺪ ﮔﺬاري در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب اﺑﻌﺎد 6 ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺪل ﭘﺎراداﯾﻤﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﺳﺎزي زﯾﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰاري، ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري و ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﮕﺮش ورزش ﺧﻮاﻫﯽ و ﻧﻮع دوﺳﺘﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان، ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ورزش ﺑﺎ ورزش ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻮازي ﮐﺎري در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ و راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻮن اﺻﻼح و ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺟﺬب ﺣﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺧﯿﺮﯾﻦ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻋﺰت و اﻗﺘﺪار ﻣﻠﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻢ اﻓﺰاﯾﯽ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان و ﻧﺸﺎط اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ زﯾﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺣﻮزه ورزش داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

The aim of this study was to develop the sustainable development model of student sport participation in Iran. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory that is an inductive and exploratory research method. The research domain included experts and beneficiaries of the near and far environments of student sport. The sampling method was snowball based on the theoretical approach and continued until theoretical saturation. 20 semi-structured and exploratory interviews were conducted. The members investigated the validity of the findings by matching methods. The results of data analysis were divided into separate concepts during three levels of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings showed that the coding process within the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model including contextual factors such as laying the groundwork for software, hardware and specialist human force infrastructure, causal conditions such as creating an attitude of sportsmanship and altruism among students, central phenomenon components such as development of the whole system of sport with educational sport, intervening factors such as the parallelism of sport organizations and strategies such as the revision and facilitation of laws and regulations on the attraction of financial sponsors and charities and consequences such as achieving national dignity and authority was identified and extracted. The results showed that the synergy and participation of families, organizations and institutions enhance student dynamism and social vitality and lay the groundwork for the development of financial sources and infrastructure of student sport.