ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ رﺷﺪ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ اﻃﻔﺎل 3-12 ﻣﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي ﻣﺎدر

Predicting of Motor Development in 9- 12 Month Old Infant Using Maternal Characteristics

ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ رﺷﺪ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ اﻃﻔﺎل 3-12 ﻣﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﯾﮋﮔﯿﻬﺎي ﻓﺮدي ﻣﺎدر ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 856 ﮐﻮدك ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ اﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺎدر)ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ، ﻧﻮع زاﯾﻤﺎن، ﺳﻦ ﺣﯿﻦ زاﯾﻤﺎن، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﺎدر( و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ)ﺣﺮﮐﺎت ﻇﺮﯾﻒ ودرﺷﺖ( ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ)ﺳﻦ ﺣﯿﻦ زاﯾﻤﺎن، ﻗﺪ و ﻧﻮع زاﯾﻤﺎن ﻣﺎدر(، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﮏ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮيA.S.Q ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻼك اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از t ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ از MANOVA رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ روش ﮔﺎم ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در اﻃﻔﺎل 8-3 ﻣﺎه ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﺎدر ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ 0/01 از وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺣﺮﮐﺎت درﺷﺖ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺎت درﺷﺖ زاﯾﻤﺎن ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري، ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺎت درﺷﺖ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن زاﯾﻤﺎن ﺳﺰارﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻦ، ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺣﺮﮐﺎت ﻇﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 3-8 ﻣﺎه را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻮع زاﯾﻤﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي در رﺷﺪ ﺣﺮﮐﺎت ﻇﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 3ﺗﺎ8 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻧﺪارد. در اﻃﻔﺎل 9-12 ﻣﺎه وزن ﻣﺎدر ﻗﺒﻞ از زاﯾﻤﺎن، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ 0/02 وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺣﺮﮐﺎت درﺷﺖ را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﻮع زاﯾﻤﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي در ﺣﺮﮐﺎت درﺷﺖ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 9ﺗﺎ12 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻧﺪارد. ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري در ﭘﯿﺶ-ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﺮﮐﺎت ﻇﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 9ﺗﺎ12 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ، و اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮع زاﯾﻤﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي در ﺣﺮﮐﺎت ﻇﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 9ﺗﺎ12 ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻧﺪارد.. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﺎدر ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎرداي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدك ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ زاﯾﻤﺎن ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺪﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن ﺑﺘﺎ اﻧﺪورﻓﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن دارد

The aim of present study was anticipation motor development of 9- 12-month-old infants. The study was a descriptive- survey. To do this research 856 infants were evaluated. In the present study, the predictor variables included maternal demographic factors (maternal mental health, type of delivery, maternal age at delivery, body mass index and maternal physical activity), and variables of motor performance (gross and fine movements), The applied measures to evaluate predictor variables included biography questionnaire (maternal age at delivery, maternal height of maternal type of delivery), Beak's habitual physical activity questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire,. an‎d the A.S.Q screening scale was used to evaluate dependent variables. The related data were analyzed by independent T, MANOA and step by step regression. Result show body mass index anticipated 0.01 of gross milestone. In gross milestone vaginal delivery was significant. None of variables did not anticipate fine milestone in 3–8-month-old. Also, there was not any difference between vagina delivery and cesarean delivery. Weight of mother in pre-pregnancy can anticipated 0.02 gross milestone in 9–12-month-old. None of variable did not anticipate fine milestone in 9–12-month-old. There was not any difference between vagina delivery and cesarean delivery. The results show that the higher maternal BMI before and during pregnancy decreases the motor development of the child. an‎d also, the natural delivery due to the production of beta-endorphin has a positive effect on the motor development of children