شناسايي و اولويت‌بندي عوامل موثر بر ايجاد گرد و غبار شهرستان هنديجان و ارائه راه‌كارهاي مديريتي با رويكرد DPSIR

Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the creation of dust in Hendijan City and providing management solutions by DPSIR framework

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و راﯾﺞ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﺳﯿﺐرﺳﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آن ﺑﺴﯿﺎر دﺷﻮار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در رﺧﺪاد اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻨﺪﯾﺠﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ از ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ، از ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ-ﻓﺸﺎر-وﺿﻌﯿﺖ-اﺛﺮ-ﭘﺎﺳﺦ )DPSIR(، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ وﻗﻮع ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻨﺪﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب DPSIR، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ-ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯽ" ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ، ﺑﺮاي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاري و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب DPSIR ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻃﯿﻒ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن از ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ادارات ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، آب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي و ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ داﻣﺪاري، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ، از ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺸﺮانﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ رﺧﺪاد ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي واﮐﻨﺸﯽ و ﭘﯿﺶﮔﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ را در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﺧﺪاد ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ داراﺳﺖ.

One of the natural and common hazards in recent years is the phenomenon of dust, which causes damage, especially to urban and human environments, and is very difficult to control and manage. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic conditions of the regions of origin and the areas affected by this phenomenon. In this research, which has been done in Hindijan City of Khuzestan Province, first, issues and problems have been identified based on library studies, questions from experts, referring to the research area. Then, the Driving force-Pressure-Status-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was used to analyze the most important factors that have caused the occurrence of dust in the city of Hindijan. The DPSIR framework is an analysis of the "cause-effect" relationship of factors for policy-making and management planning. In this study, the factors related to each of the components of the DPSIR framework were identified and prioritized using a questionnaire of experts with a Likert scale and based on nonparametric Friedman tests. Explain that, to complete the questionnaire of experts, experts from the Departments of Natural Resources, Environment, Regional Water and Agricultural Jihad of Khuzestan Province were surveyed. Results showed that population growth, agricultural development, livestock development, industrial development and climate change are important from maximum to minimum, respectively, the most important drivers affecting the occurrence of dust in the study area. Attention to both reactive and preventive responses has an important role in improving the situation and reducing the adverse effects of dust occurrence in the research area.