ارزيابي عوامل موثر بر عملكرد و بهره‌وري اقتصادي پروژه‌هاي آبخيزداري با استفاده از مدل SWOT

Evaluation of factors affecting the performance and economic productivity of watershed management projects using SWOT model

اﻣﺮوزه ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ اﺟﺮا ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﮔﺎﻫﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﻮده، ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﭘﺎرﺳﻞ A ﺳﺪ ﻗﺸﻼق ﺳﻨﻨﺪج ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و اراﺋﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻔﯿﺪﺗﺮ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ، ﻗﻮت، ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﮕﺮي از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن، ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ SWOT و ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﮐﻤﯽ QSPM راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ-اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه وزن ﺑﺎﻻي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارزش ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ در ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ را ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ و ﻋﺪم اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزﻫﺎي 0/50 و 0/43 ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ. در ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارزش ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ و ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﺷﺪن ﺳﺪﻫﺎ در اﺛﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 0/59 ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺪل SWOT، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ راﻫﺒﺮدي در رﺑﻊ ST و WT ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﮐﺎراﻧﻪ و ﺗﺪاﻓﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﻌﻨﯽ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺑﺎﯾﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ زﯾﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ اراﺋﻪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﮐﻤﯽ QSPM اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. راﻫﺒﺮد اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ در اراﺿﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ اﻓﺮاد و ﯾﺎ واﮔﺬاري ﺣﻖ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ 8/76 در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ اول ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در راﺳﺘﺎي آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺿﻌﻒ در ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺎزدﻫﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Today, various watershed management projects are being implemented in watersheds which sometimes, despite high study and cost, they are inefficient for various reasons and face economic failure. In the present study, first, different watershed projects in the Parcel A of Gheshlagh Dam in Sanandaj were evaluated. Then, their evaluation was examined by determining internal and external factors. The aim is to extract the most important factors and provide strategies that make projects economically viable and functionally effective. Weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats of the region were extracted by experts and, using the SWOT analysis model and quantitative matrix of QSPM, economic-applicable solutions were presented. Results showed high value of management factors, so that the highest final value in external factors was inefficient study projects and the lack of funds for maintenance and repair of projects after implementation with scores of 0.50 and 0.43, respectively, and internal factors had the highest final value related to destruction and burial of dams due to the low quality of construction with a score of 0.59 which had the most impact on strategy selection. Based on the results of the model, the strategies are located in the ST quarter and are of a conservative method, in order to reduce the damage caused by threats and weaknesses by using the strengths of the domain. In accordance with this strategy, solutions were given by experts and prioritized by the quantitative matrix QSPM. The implementation of projects on land owned by individuals or the assignment of the right to maintain them to the owners with a final score of 8.76 was ranked first. The results of this research in the present economic situation of the country are very useful for informing authorities about how to optimize the implementation of watershed projects and will improve the instructions and implementation and the best use of projects.