پديد آورندگان :
دﻣﯽ زاده، ﻣﺤﻤﻮد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ , ﻣﻬﺪوي، رﺳﻮل داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ , ﻧﻮروزي، ﻋﻠﯽ اﮐﺒﺮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﺎك و آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري , ﻏﻼﻣﯽ،ﺣﻤﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ , ﺣﻠﯽ ﺳﺎز، ارﺷﮏ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ
كليدواژه :
ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻣﻮدﯾﺲ , دﯾﺪ اﻓﻘﯽ , ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر , ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ , ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻃﻮﻓﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎي ﺟﻮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ زﯾﺎدي را ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﺟﻨﻮب ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ از ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ و راﻫﺒﺮدي ﮐﺸﻮر در آن اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ورود و ﺣﺮﮐﺖ آنﻫﺎ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي اﻣﺮوز ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ در اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن، اﺑﺘﺪا ﮐﻠﯿﻪ دادهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ 12 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﯿﻨﻮﭘﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 2000 ﺗﺎ 2018 ﻣﯿﻼدي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و واﮐﺎوي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد 48 رﺧﺪاد ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﮐﻪ دﯾﺪ اﻓﻘﯽ در آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 1000 ﻣﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده ﺑﻮد، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت آﺷﮑﺎرﺳﺎزي ﺗﻮده ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﺮ روي آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻣﻮدﯾﺲ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭼﻬﺎر اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ آﺷﮑﺎرﺳﺎز TIIDI ،TDI ،Ackerman وNDDI اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء آن ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر از ﻣﺪل اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﭘﺨﺶ ﻻﮔﺮاﻧﮋي ذرات HYSPLIT اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎي ورودي ﻃﻮﻓﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ اﺳﺘﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﮐﺖ آن و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات را در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ آﺷﮑﺎرﺳﺎز ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ TDI در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢﻫﺎ در ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن و ﺗﻮده ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن، ﺗﺎﻻب ﺟﺎزﻣﻮرﯾﺎن، ﺷﺮق ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن و ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي و ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل HYSPLITﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ وﺟﻮد ﺳﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻠﯽ ورود و اﯾﺠﺎد ﻃﻮﻓﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ-ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺪل، در ﺣﺪود 53/7 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﭘﺲ از وﻗﻮع ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎل و ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس، ﻗﺸﻢ، ﻣﯿﻨﺎب، رودان، ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ، ﮐﻬﻨﻮج، ﺑﻢ، اﯾﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮ، ﺧﺎش، ﻣﯿﺮﺟﺎوه و زاﻫﺪان ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، در ﺣﺪود 22/3 درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮﻓﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و 14/8 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ و 9/2 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ را ﺑﺮاي اداﻣﻪ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺧﻮد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Dust storms are one of the atmospheric phenomena which has many negative effects for Hormozgan Province, as one of the most important population and tourism centers in the south and with significant and strategic facilities in the country. For this reason, todays determining the hotspots and areas affected by the storm, as well as identifying important routes of entry and movement is one of the most important needs of relevant organizations in this province. In order to study the dust phenomenon in Hormozgan Province, first, all meteorological data of 12 synoptic stations in the region between 2000 and 2018 were analyzed and 48 dust storm events were identified that their horizontal visibility has decreased to less than 1000 meters and dust mass detection operations were performed using MODIS satellite images and four detection algorithms of Ackerman, TDI, TIIDI and NDDI and areas affected by storm as well as areas of origin were identified. HYSPLIT particle Lagrangian diffusion model was used to route the motion of the dust storm and the entry routes of dust storms into the province also, its routes and areas that have the most impact in this area were identified. Comparing results of four dust detection algorithms indicated better performance of TDI algorithm compared to other algorithms in detecting the focus and mass of dust in the area. According to the results, eastern regions of Hormozgan Province, Jazmourian Wetland, eastern Sistan and Baluchestan, western regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as central and southern regions of Saudi are one of the most important centers of dust production in the region. Investigating HYSPLIT model maps indicates the existence of three general routes of entry and creation of dust storms in the area which includes the southwestern regions of the country, the south-north route and the north and northwest route. Also, based on model results, about 53.7% of the path of movement and the release of dust after a storm is to the north and northeast direction which causes the spread of pollution and intensification of dust concentration in cities such as Bandar Abbas, Qeshm, Minab, Rudan, Jiroft, Kahnooj, Bam, Iranshahr, Khash, Mirjaveh and Zahedan. Also, about 22.3% of the storms in the region consider the southern route, 14.8% the south-west route and 9.2% the east route to continue their navigation.
