بررسي اثر فعاليت‌هاي معدني بر تعيين حريم كمي رودخانه هراز

Investigation of the effect of mining activities on estimation quantitative boundary of Haraz River

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ در ﺣﺮﯾﻢ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪن، ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺟﺎده، ﭘﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﻏﯿﺮه در اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ وﻗﻮع ﺳﯿﻼب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻤﯽ در ﺑﺎزهاي از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺮاز، ﺳﻪ راﻫﯽ ﺑﻠﺪه ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺤﺎق ﻧﻮررود ﺗﺎ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﮐﻠﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل 40 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1363 ﺗﺎ 1399 از ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي، ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي رﻓﺘﺎر ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ از ﻣﺪل ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ HEC-RAS و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺣﺮﯾﻢ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ از ﻣﺪل DLSRS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﺗﺼﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺼﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ-ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس 1:2000 ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﯿﻪ HEC-GeoRAS (GIS) و ﻣﺪل HEC-RAS ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي رﻓﺘﺎر ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮآورد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺪل DLSRS، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻤﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 10 ﺳﺎل در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1300-1399 ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﯾﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ژﺋﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎزه ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻨﮓ-ﺷﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رژﯾﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻤﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ ﻗﺮن اﺧﯿﺮ ﻫﺠﺮي ﺷﻤﺴﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﺎدن در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ از 3/35 ﺑﻪ 13/57 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﺳﺎل 1399 اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آن در دﻫﻪ1390 ﻫﺠﺮي ﺷﻤﺴﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻤﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ از ﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎل 1300 ﺑﻪ 17 ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎل 1399 اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Destruction of the riverbed and activities in the river area, including mining activities, road construction, non-standard bridges, etc., often increase the risk of floods. Due to importance of this issue in the present study, the effect of mining activities on determination of channel boundary of Haraz River, (Noorrud junction to Kelerd forest area as a given reach) has been investigated with a length of 40 km. In this regard, to study changes in river mineral activity levels during the years 1985 to 2021 from satellite images, to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river from the HEC-RAS hydraulic model and to compare changes in river area during the study period the DLSRS model were used. Thus, satellite data with visual interpretation techniques were used to determine the level of mining activities. Then, a 1: 2000 scale topographic map of the riverbed in the HEC-GeoRAS (GIS) extension and the HEC-RAS model was used to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river. Finally, by estimating the five parameters of the DLSRS model, the quantitative values ​​of the river at 10-year intervals were determined in the period 1300-1399. The results of changes in the levels of mining activities indicate geometric changes of the bed of the given reach such as displacement and narrowing process. The results of the study of the factors of channel boundary changes also showed that increasing human activities and changing the river flow regime increase the quantitative boundary of the channel. The results also showed that during the last century, the level of mines in the study area has increased from 3.35 to 13.57 ha in 2021, the maximum development of which has been since 2011. As a result, the quantitative area of the river has increased from 9 m in 1922 to 17 m in 2021.