طراحي و ساخت سيستم تعليق ثانويه مگنتورئولوژيك براي كاهش ارتعاشات و شوك هاي وارده بر محموله هاي حساس خودرو هاي باري

Design and Construction of a Secondary Magnetorheological Suspension System to Mitigate the Shocks and Vibrations Transmitted to Sensitive Payloads in Commercial Vehicles

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ دﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﮕﻨﺘﻮرﺋﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﺎل، ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داﻣﻨﻪ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت و ﺷﻮكﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ-ﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎر ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﺑﺎري ﺟﺎدهاي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. دراﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﯾﮏ دﻣﭙﺮ ﻣﮕﻨﺘﻮرﺋﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﺎل دوﺳﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﻪ، ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﯿﻮﻧﺖ ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي، ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻪ دﻣﭙﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ دﻣﭙﺮ ﺗﺴﺖﺷﺪه، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺎﻟﺖ داراي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از ﭼﻬﺎر دﻣﭙﺮ ﻣﮕﻨﺘﻮرﺋﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﺎل ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎر ﯾﮏ واﻧﺖ اﻗﺪام ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ آن ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﻮدرو روي ﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﮔﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎ ي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ روي دﻣﭙﺮ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ دﻣﭙﺮ در ﺷﺪت ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 2آﻣﭙﺮ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )0( آﻣﭙﺮ، ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 11/62ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﯿ ﺮوي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺪل اﺳﭙﻨﺴﺮ در ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ رﻓﺘﺎر دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﻣﭙﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻣ ﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 1٫49 % ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧ ﯿﺮوي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺴﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل دوﺑﻌﺪي ﻧﺼﻒ ﺧﻮدروي ﺑﺎري، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ در ﻋﺒﻮر از ﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ-ﮔﯿﺮ ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه و ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺪت ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ دﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎ از 0ﺗﺎ 2آﻣﭙﺮ، ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺷﺘﺎب ﻋﻤﻮدي وارده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺟﺮم ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺴﺎس ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻋﺒﻮر از دﺳﺖاﻧﺪاز، در ﺷﺒﯿﻪ-ﺳﺎزي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪون ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ، 43٫6% و در ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ، 32٫4% ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

The aim of this research is to develop a semi-active secondary suspension system equipped with magnetorheological dampers to reduce the amplitude of vibrations and shocks to sensitive payloads in the cargo section of road trucks. First, a double-ended magnetorheological damper was modeled, designed, and built for use in a secondary suspension system of light trucks. Next, a pallet with a secondary suspension system consisting of four magnetorheological dampers was constructed to be installed on the load side of the light truck. Then, the behavior of the system was examined by testing it by passing the vehicle on the speed-bump profile. By performing dynamic tests with harmonic excitation on the damper, the results showed that the maximum damping force with the electric current of 2 Amp is increased 11.6 times compared to 0 Amp. Furthermore, by using the forces obtained from the Spencer model in predicting the dynamic behavior of the damper with an average relative error of %1.49 compared to the force obtained from the experimental test and implementing the two-dimensional model of the half-truck, the performance of the system in passing the speed-bump profile was investigated. The results of simulations and experimental tests showed that with increasing electric current intensity from 0 to 2 Amp, the maximum amplitudes of the sensitive payload decreased in passing the speed-bump %43.6 and %32.4 in simulations and experimental tests compared to the situation without the secondary suspension system respectively