تبيين ويژگي‌هاي موثر بر ارتقاء كارآيي فرايند طراحي معماري براي كودكان (مطالعه موردي: كودكان بازه سني 8 تا 15 سال)

Explanation of the effective features in improving the efficiency of architect-child participation in the process of architectural design for children (Case study: Children aged 8 to 15 years)

مسأله اساسي پژوهش، يافتن عوامل مؤثر در ارتقاء كيفيت مشاركت معمار و كودك به ­منظور نزديك­تر شدن محصول فرآيند طراحي به خواسته ­هاي واقعي­تر كودكان، از طريق يافتـن پاسـخ دو سؤال اصـلي است: 1- عوامل مؤثر در ارتقـاء كارآيي فرآيند طراحي مشاركتي معمار و كودك كدامند؟ 2- جهت افزايش عمق مشاركت معمار و كودك چه راهكارهايي وجود دارد؟ هدف اين پژوهش كيفي، استخـراج و معـرفي ويژگي­هاي اثـربخش در افزايش عمق مشاركت معمار و كودك، در فرآيند طراحي معماري براي كودكان است. جمع­آوري داده­ها به ­روش كتابخانه ­اي، تحليل محتوا به روش فـراتركـيب، دسته ­بندي داده ­ها درMAXQDA ، بررسي روايي استنتاج­ ها با ابزار گلـين، سنجش فراواني ويژگي­هاي استنتاج­شده درExcel ، انجام شد. پايايي نتايج با نظرسنجي از معماران و اعتبارسنجي پاسخ ­ها با آزمون­ هاي تي تك­ نمونه­ اي و فريدمن، درSPSS انجام شد. يافته­ ها نشان داد ارتقـاء كارآيـي فرآينـد­ طراحـي ­مشاركـتي وابسته به افزايش عمق مشاركت معمار و كودك است و عمـق مشاركـت وابسته به چهار ويژگـي اصـلي است: فراهم شدن زمينۀ مشاركت عميق­تر معمار و كودك؛ حضور فعال و مداوم كودكان در طـول فرآيند طـراحي، دركنار معـمار؛ ايجاد بستر خلاقيت حداكـثري كودكان مشاركت­ كـننده؛ و تقويت ويژگي­هاي خاص در طراحان معماري براي كودكان. راهكارهاي زيرمجموعه اين ويژگي­ها، در قالب 22 اصل مختلف استنتاج شد.

The range of involvement with children in their specific decisions extends to architectural design for children. The aim of architectural designers in collaborating with children is to bring the features of the designing process product closer to the children's ideas about their desired architectural space. Therefore, the main issue is to improve the quality of participation, influence children as much as possible in producing the architectural artwork, and bring the features of the artwork closer to the desirable features of children. The difference in perceptions between children and adults in architectural design for children has become a challenge for architects, has encouraged designers to work with children and meet this challenge. Thus, it is essential to look for factors that improve the efficiency of the architect-child partnership. The researcher began his work by asking the following questions. 1- What are the effective factors in improving the efficiency of the architect and child collaborative design process? 2- What are the strategies to increase the participation of the architect and the child? Methodology: The study was conducted according to the seven steps of the meta-synthesis method presented by Sandelowski and Barroso. These steps include 1- Careful review of research questions, 2- Systematic review of library resources, 3- Selection of appropriate resources, 4- Extraction of information from references, 5- Analysis of findings, 6- Control of reliability of findings, 7- presentation of the findings. MAXQDA 10 and Excel 2010 software were used to perform step 5. Step 6 was done using the Glynn tool. After finding effective points in improving the quality of the architect-child partnership, various architects were surveyed about the findings, and the survey results were analyzed in SPSS 25 software. After confirming the reliability of the survey results, the final results of the research were summarized and presented. Results: Providing the conditions for the active presence and maximum creativity of children during the designing process and strengthening the special features of architects interested in collaborating with children are the main effective factors in improving the quality and efficiency of architect-children partnership. Conclusion: Numerous factors effectively improve the efficiency of participation, one of which is the deeper partnership between the architect and the child. The depth of participation depends on four primary characteristics: 1- Providing the conditions for deeper participation of the architect and the child. 2- Active and continuous presence of children during the designing process along with the architecture. 3- Creating a platform for maximum creativity of the participating children. 4- Strengthening special features in children architectural designers. As the role of children in the ideation and creating an architectural work increases, the depth of participation increases, and this depends on the children's more realistic comments about their desired architectural space.