كليدواژه :
گفتمان فرانگر , گفتمان سرعت , سايبرگ , شناسايي كننده , پديدارشناسي , زيبايي شناسيِ ناپيدايي
چكيده فارسي :
پاول ويريليو بر اين باور است كه شخصيت فرو پاشيده انسان ناشي از آثار مدرنيته و بيگانگي انسان از خود و جهان پيرامون مي باشد. ويريليو جدايي متاثر از اين عوامل در بستر تاريخي انسان را از طريق نمايش تاريخ و روح انساني فرو پاشيده نشان داده است. اين مقاله، اين مضمون را در دو بستر مورد بحث و بررسي قرار مي دهد، دو گفتمان كه به نظر متفاوت، اما در حقيقت در هم تنيده اند: گفتمان فرانگر بر اساس نظريات ميشل فوكو و گفتمان سرعت بر اساس نظريات ويريليو. اين تلاش در جهت بررسي ارتباط ميان شكل گيري شخصيت و شكل گيري گفتمانهاست، كه هر دوي آنها نيز بخشي از دستاوردهاي مدرنيسم به شمار مي روند. ويريليو تاثيرات منفي پيشرفت تكنولوژي بر زندگي انسان بعنوان يك سايبرگ را به زيبايي ترسيم كرده و گفتمان قدرت را با تركيب دو گفتمان مذكوربخصوص در حوزه بين الملل و جنگ قدرت هاي بزرگ توصيف نموده است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: The decentered subjectivity which is s tudied by Paul Virilio, is the result of modernity and humans’ alienation from himself and the surrounding. The consequential detachment from the background of human his tory by manifes ting the unfolded and shattered human his tory, along with the humanis tic spirit is s tudied.
Virilio believes that speed gives way to the disappearance, and in this way
presence and absence commingle, that is every moment of becoming, every moment
of creation. He argues the importance of technology in the life and des tiny
of human being as a cyborg and has challenged the power discourse through the
combination of the dromological and panoptical discourses, especially in international
and war fields.
Background S tudies: Heidegger s tudied the effects of technology on human nature
and man’s influence on his surrounding by firs t considering his role as a
clearing, and second as Dasein. The effectual exis tence of humans in the “clearing”
is scrutinized by him mos tly from his effects on the surrounding, because of his knowledge of the universe, science, and scientific developments that are also
explained more precisely by Foucault in his Archeology of Knowledge. He defined
how humanity is a becoming, a Husserlian phenomenological becoming, since the
late 18th and 19th centuries. This Husserlian becoming nullifies the Cartesian
Cogito, as the surrounding is effectual on the mind and the viewpoint, so that there
exis t no pure unders tandings of the world and no pure exis tence, independent of the
surrounding and in terms of a true comprehension of the world.
Foucault’s theory of the panopticism is used to inves tigate the relationship between
identity formation and discourses, both of which are considered as the parts and
parcels of modernism. This theory is rooted in Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon. The
elements of the observer and the observed are both embedded in the words “opticon”,
and “pan” is the sign of a “whole” and in this way it is de-individualized.
Panopticon is the bedrock of Foucault’s theory, as he is explaining the form of
French punishment. It is also s tudied as the medium through which Bentham has
degraded human beings to an animal s tate. It has paved the way towards an ever
imprisonment and an ever observation which leads Man’s being to the slavery of
the machine, for good. He is traced and knows himself as a traced creature, and
this form of self-acquisition results in a new form of being, enslaved by the observation
machinery.
Methodology and Discussion: Virilio’s revelation is s tudied here, through a discourse
analysis in terms of two seemingly diverse, but essentially commingled and
integrated discourse theories and subjectivity approaches including the dromological
and panoptical discourses, based upon his theory of dromology. He explains
how the influence of the machine and what creates out of the observer and the
observed are worth being scrutinized. Moreover, the utilization of virtual games
because of the similarity of the games and the wars in training the soldiers and
the future military and guarding forces in the simulated war conditions, as the war
games is explained and it is manifes ted that how the virtual computer war games,
in which the players replace the warriors, practicing different martial arts make
the players feel as they are in a real war, using different military weapons.
Conclusion: The transition of panoptical discourse to dromological discourse is
manifes ted in this s tudy to emphasize different elements at hand with speed acceleration
to exert a supreme panoptical power over others in an international political atmosphere.
