پديد آورندگان :
رﺿﺎﯾﯽ، زﻫﺮا داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه ﺧﺎﮐﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ , ﻧﻮروزي ﻣﺼﯿﺮ، ﻣﺠﺘﺒﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه ﺧﺎﮐﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ , ﻣﻌﺰي، ﻋﺒﺪاﻻﻣﯿﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه ﺧﺎﮐﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ
كليدواژه :
اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد , ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ , ﺧﺎك آﻫﮑﯽ , روي , ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ , ﮔﻨﺪم
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﻮادآﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ C/N و ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﺮ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ، ﺟﺬب و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف در ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ دراﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس و ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر و ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و ﺟﺬب روي در ﮔﻨﺪم رﻗﻢ ﭼﻤﺮان در ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎك آﻫﮑﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ .pH، ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ )OM( و روي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس در ﺧﺎك و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و ﺟﺬب روي در اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم ﭘﺲ از اﺗﻤﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي و از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎري ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري pH را از 7/74 در ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ 7/53 ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد.ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬب ﺧﺎك از 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ 0/71 در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دادﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را دررﯾﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و داﻧﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و ﺟﺬب روي در ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار و در ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و ﺟﺬب روي در ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺧﺎك در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ دارد؛ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻢ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Organic matter based on their composition and the C/N ratio can have different effects on nutrient bioavailability, concentration and uptake in soil and plant. Besides that, organic fertilizer can increase the yield of different agricultural products and pave the wey for emergence of sustainable agricultural . Organic matter is relatively low in majority of soils in Iran, and continuous use of chemical fertilizer would create environmental hazards. Zinc deficiency is a worldwide nutritional constraint in crop production particularly in cereals growing on calcareous soils .
Materials and methods This research was conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizers such as bagasse, compost and biochar and chemical fertilizer ZnSo4 on yield of wheat and concentration and uptake of Zn in wheat ,a study based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted in Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculturar of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the years1395-96. Treatments included:1-control ,2- ZnSo4 , 3-Bagasse 4- Biochar 5- compost. Some Physical and chemical properties were determined using standard methods (table1).some basic properties of bagasse , compost and biochar were also determined (table 2). after the experiment ,soil and plant properties such as pH, organic matter content(OM), available Zn in soil. and yield , yield components and concentration and uptake of Zn in wheat were determined in samples.After seed ripening grain , yield and component yield were measured from the total pot of each treatment.Statisical analysis of the data was performed using SAS software and comporision using Toki method was also performed.
Results The intial soil was clay loam with organic matter content( om=0.79).Results showed that the treatments had significant effect (p≤ 0.01) on percentage of organic carbon, organic matter, the availability of Zn and pH of soil . Also content of soil micro element affected by treatments and amount of these parameters were increased by using of organic fertilizers .Increase the organic matter in soil by compost improved a must of chemical peroperties and Increase concentration nutrient element in soil. Results showed that pH in the control decreased significantly from 7.74 of soil to 7.53 of soil in the compost. Results showed that the available Zn in the control increased significantly from 0.5 mg kg-1 of soil to 0.71 mg kg-1 of soil in the compost.The results of the experiment showed that all treatments except bagsse increased factors wheat yield . Compost showed greatest yield and bagasse the lowest yield in the the wheat root, grain and shoots (compared to the control). The highest grain yield was obtained from the application of compost. The maximum amount of chlorophylls (a, b, total and SPAD), with application compost. The highest Plant height was obtained from the application of biochar. The results showed that the highest and the lowest of va lue concentration and uptake of Zn in wheat to compos and bagasse respectivity.
Discussion The obtained result highlight the increased effects of compost on yield and yield components and Zn uptake change in wheat, also in comparison to other treatments, it emphasizes ore on the soil though they were useful too. Therefore, it can be concluded that applying organic fertilizers especially composted form would have, useful effects on plant growth and increasing the concentration of Zn of wheat .
