تحليل فضايي و زماني دسترسي به خدمات آموزشي و بهداشتي در مناطق روستايي (مطالعه ي موردي: بخش مركزي شهرستان تبريز)

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Access to Educational and Health Services in Rural Areas Case Study: Central Part of Tabriz County

بيش از 20 ميليون نفر جمعيت در روستاهاي كشور زندگي مي كنند كه اكثريت قريب به نزديك آن ها به حداقل خدمات بهداشتي و آموزشي جهت رفع نيازهاي خود دسترسي ندارند. حتي در مكان هايي كه چنين خدماتي وجود دارد، سطح خدمات دهي آن قدر ضعيف است كه نمي توان گفت نيازهاي دسترسي آن ها به اين خدمات برآورده شده است. در سطح روستاهاي شهرستان تبريز نيز ضعف دسترسي به خدمات آموزشي و بهداشتي مشكلاتي را براي مردم ايجاد كرده و ضمن طولاني كردن سفرها و افزايش زمان آن ها، هزينه ي افراد را نيز افزايش داده است. اين تحقيق به منظور بررسي دسترسي فضايي و زماني به خدمات بهداشتي و آموزشي در روستاهاي بخش مركزي شهرستان تبريز صورت گرفته است. روش مطالعه از نوع توصيفي-تحليلي است كه بر اساس آن، پس از تشكيل بانك اطلاعات مكاني از فضاهاي درماني و آموزشي در نرم افزار ArcGIS و با بهره گيري از مدل هاي برآورد دسترسي، وضعيت شاخص هاي دسترسي دهستان هاي بخش مركزي شهرستان تبريز به هر يك از خدمات تعيين شد. نتيجه ي تحليل بيانگر عدم انطباق بين توزيع جمعيت و پراكنش خدمات آموزشي و بهداشتي است. به عبارتي ديگر، روستاهاي مركزي و بزرگ داراي دسترسي بهتري نسبت به نواحي پيراموني هستند اما به دليل نبود خدمات كافي سطح پوشش ضعيفي دارند.

More than 20 million people now lives in the country, most of them do not have access to minimum health and education services to meet their needs. Even in places where such services exist, the level of service provision is so low that it cannot be said that their access needs are met. At the level of villages in Tabriz, lack of access to educational and health services has caused people problems and, while prolonging travel and increasing their time, has increased the cost of individuals. Purpose This research is designed to answer this question, using descriptive-analytical methods, based on secondary data analysis. Required information was extracted based on library studies and statistical publications of the Statistical Center of Iran, then statistical analysis has been performed. Methodology that based on this, after creating a spatial database of therapeutic and educational spaces in ArcGIS software and using estimation models Access, status of access indicators of rural districts in Central Part of Tabriz County was determined for each service. Then the Lorenz curve was used to show the distribution of services in the villages. Innovation The innovation of this paper is in the spatial analysis of access to services in the villages and the computation time of their travel time. so far, this study has been done mostly in cities and there is no research in the villages of Iran. Results The result of this analysis is the lack of consistency between the distribution of population and the distribution of educational and health services. In other words, the central and large villages have better access to the periphery, but because of lack of adequate services, they have poor coverage.