پديد آورندگان :
عزيزي فر،اميرعباس دانشگاه رازي، كرمانشاه، ايران , محمدي، مجيد دانشگاه رازي، كرمانشاه، ايران , قبادي، مينا دانشگاه رازي - گروه زبان و ادبيات عربي، كرمانشاه، ايران
كليدواژه :
حماسه , رجز , شاهنامه , رستم , عمربن كلثوم
چكيده فارسي :
اين پژوهش، كه به روش اسنادي- تحليلي با مطالعۀ كتابخانه‌اي به انجام رسيده است، درپي اين آن است تا با بررسي رجزهاي حماسي در شاهنامه (داستان رستم و اسفنديار) و شعر حماسي عمروبن كلثوم تغلبي به وجوه اشتراك و افتراق محتوايي و زباني دو شاعر در زمينۀ رجز بپردازد. عمروبن كلثوم صاحب يكي از معلقات عصر جاهلي است؛ همان ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺎتي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﻮﻛﻨﻨﺪۀ ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺳّﻨﻦ ﻛﻬﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺏ و ﺁﻣﻴﺰﻩﺍﻱ است ﺍﺯ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ، ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ، ﻋﺸﻖ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﺳﻪ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮ ﻭﺻﻒ، ﻓﺨﺮ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﺳﻪ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨگهاﻱ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﺮﺏ يافت كه مبتني بود بر جنگها و يورشهاي قبيله اي. مسئلۀ محوري پژوهش اين است كه از چه جهت يا جهاتي اين دو شاعر در رجزگويي به هم نزديكند؛ چه عنصر يا عناصري در رجزهاي آن دو حضور دارد و بوم و اقليم در كيفيت رجز آنها تا چه اندازه مؤثر است. پس از بررسي دريافتيم كه زبان دو شاعر بويژه فردوسي در گزارش رجزهاي رستم از جهت ادبي اُفت محسوسي دارد و جنبۀ بلاغي كمي در زبان او ديده مي‌شود. از جهت بلاغي «كنايه» محور مشترك دو شاعر است؛ اما عناصر بومي و اقليمي در كيفيت رجز آنان مؤثر بوده است؛ چنانكه چشمانداز وسيع محيطي و جغرافيايي كه از ويژگيهاي ذاتي حماسه است در شعر عمروبن كلثوم ديده نمي‌شود. از يازده مورد اغراض رجزي كه بررسي شد، دو شاعر در هفت موردِ برمنشي، بيان قدرت و شرح رفتار پهلواني، نازش به نژاد و خاندان، دغدغۀ ننگ و نام، تحقير و بيان كهتري رقيب، تضعيف روحيه و تهديد و ارعاب با هم مشتركند و در چهار موردِ پند و اندر، مرگ ناهراسي، سازش ناپذيري و ستم‌ستيزي و تفاخر به خيل با هم اختلاف دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
Boasting poem is one of the special features of epic literature that includes the vaunt of the heroes and the expression of their works and honors, and is most commonly used during the war, but in other situations we also find it. None of the heroic stories of Shahnameh of this kind of discourse is empty. In this research, which done based on the documentary-analytical method and with a library study has been completed, We are going to explore the aspects of the content and language of the two poets in the area of boasting poem by studying the epic rebellion in the Shahnameh (Story of Rostam and Esfandiar) and the epic poem of Amr-ibn Kolthum Taqlabli. The central question of the research is whether the two poets are approaching each other in the direction in which they are located; whether the element or elements in the two branches are present and how effective the canvas and the climate have in their quality. After review we found that the language of the two poets, especially Ferdowsi, in the report of Rostam’s Rajaz, has a markedly diminished literary significance, and there is little rhetorical in his language, From the rhetorical point of view, "allusion" is the central axis of two poets, but indigenous and climatic elements have been effective in their regressive quality, as the vast landscape and geography of the inherent features of the epic does not appear in Amr-ibn Kolthum's poetry. Alongside the horse, which is a pivotal epic, the Arab poet has mentioned camels, which are the main capital and native Arabic animal. Esfandiar's Rajaz is accompanied by Rostam's reproach and humiliation. The rhetoric expressed in this story in the early years of the story is longer than the final stages of the tragedy of Esfandiar's death; that is, the more we get closer to the story and death of Esfandiar, the shorter and more violent ones are. Of the ten cases of Rajazi's intentions, two poets shared in seven categories, the expression of power, and the description of abusive acts, rape and race, the concern of disgrace and name, weakening of morale, threats, intimidation and in three cases Humiliation and expression of rival, admonition and uncompromising and oppression are different
