كليدواژه :
َضمان , اتلاف , تسبيب , مسئوليت مدني , إحسان
چكيده فارسي :
مسئوليت يا ضمان ،آنگاه كه مبتني بر اراده طرفيني و يا قرارداد خاص نباشد عنواني است عام كه در اصطاح فقهي و حقوقي ، از آن به مسئوليت مدني و ضمان قهري ياد مي شود؛ بدين معنا كه هريك از آحاد مردم در قبال اعمال و افعال خود كه همان اسباب ضمان مي باشد در برابر افراد و جامعه، مسئول و ضامنند. اين مفهوم عام بعضاً تحت الشعاع شرايطي خاص همچون زماني كه شخص تحت تأثير نيت مثبت خود دست به انجام عملي مي زند كه اتفاقاً موجب تحقق شرايط ضمان يا مسئوليت است ، محل ترديد مي شود تا بدانجا كه تعيين حكم نسبت به دوام و يا سقوط ضمان در خصوص فاعل را مشكل مي نمايد و اين سؤال ايجاد مي شود كه آيا با تكيه بر نيت خيرخواهانه مرتكب، معرفي نمودن فعل ارتكابي به عنوان فعل نيكوكارانه ، رافع مسئوليت فاعل آن خواهد بود يا خير كه در اين خصوص مي توان پاسخ داد اثبات محسنانه بودن عمل مرتكب و تحقق شرايط قاعده فقهي إحسان موجب سقوط ضمان و سلب مسئوليت و برائت ذمه وي مي گردد. در اين مقاله سعي گرديده تا مبتني بر آراء و اقوال فقهي و حقوقي و منابع كتابخانه اي جوانب مختلف موضوع و ارتباط ميان قاعده فقهي احسان با اسباب اصلي ضَمان، مورد بررسي وتجزيه و تحليل و توصيف قرار گيرد.
چكيده لاتين :
The liability or guarantee, when not based on the will of the parties or the particular contract, is a general title which, in the legal and legal terms, is referred to as civil liability and guilty of conscience; that is, each of the individuals in relation to their actions and acts Which is the same safeguard against individuals and society, is responsible and guarantor. This general concept is sometimes overshadowed by certain circumstances, such as when a person is influenced by his or her intentional intention to do something that eventually leads to the fulfillment of the terms of the guarantee or liability, the place is skeptical until the determination of the warrant for the durability or waiver of the guarantee in It is especially problematic for the subject, and the question arises whether, on the basis of the benevolent intention, the introduction of the act of committing an act as charitable action will be to remove the responsibility of the subject, which can be answered in this regard, as proof of the diligence of the act The commission and fulfillment of the terms of the law of jurisprudence will lead to the loss of the guarantor and the exclusion of the defendant. Allah has tried to investigate, analyze and describe the subject and the relationship between the jurisprudential principle of IHSAN and the original instrument of guarantee, based on the jurisprudential and legal opinions and legal sources and library resources of various aspects
