بررسي ارتباط بين روابط بين نسلي و حمايت اجتماعي بر توانايي خودمراقبتي در سالمندان مبتلا به بيماري مزمن

The Relationship between Intergenerational Relationships and Social Support on Self-Care in Elderly People with Chronic Disease

مقدمــه: بــا بــروز تغييــرات اجتماعــي و دگرگوني هــاي ســنتي، مراقبــت خانــواده از ســالمندان كاهــش يافتــه اســت كــه ايــن امــر پيامدهــاي جســماني، روانــي، اجتماعــي و اقتصــادي ويــژه اي را بــراي ايــن نســل بــه همــراه داشــته اســت. هــدف از ايــن مطالعــه، تعييــن ارتبــاط بيــن «روابــط بيــن نســلي» و «حمايــت اجتماعــي» بــر «توانايــي خودمراقبتــي» در ســالمندان مبتــلا بــه بيمــاري مزمــن اســت. روش كار: ايــن مطالعــه تحليلــي در ســال 1399 در مراكــز آموزشــي درمانــي دانشــگاه علــوم پزشــكي گلســتان انجــام شــد. بــا اســتفاده از روش نمونــه گيــري در دســترس 360 ســالمند مبتــلا بــه بيمــاري مزمــن بســتري وارد مطالعــه شــدند. داده هــا بــا اســتفاده از پرسشــنامه هــاي روابــط بيــن نســلي، حمايــت اجتماعــي، خودمراقبتــي" جمــع آوري شــدند. بــراي تحليــل داده هــا از آزمــون هــاي ويلكاكســون، رگرســيوني خطــي و تحليــل معــادلات خطــي بــا اســتفاده از نــرم افــزار SPSS نســخه 21 و در ســطح معنــي داري 0/05 اســتفاده شــد. يافتــه هــا: ميانگيــن و انحــراف معيــار روابــط بيــن نســلي (4/6 ±40/7) تــا حــدودي خــوب، حمايــت اجتماعــي (85/02±11/31) و خودمراقبتــي (70/53±8/84) در ســطح بــالا بــود. بيــن حمايــت اجتماعــي و روابــط بيــن نســلي ارتبــاط مثبــت و معني داري مشــاهده شــد (0/24=P<0/001 ،β)، امــا ارتبــاط روابــط بيــن نســلي بــا خودمراقبتــي (0/001<β =-0/18 ، P) و حمايــت اجتماعــي بــا خودمراقبتــي (0/001

With the appearance of social changes and traditional transformations, family care for the elderly has decreased, which has special physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences for this generation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between "intergenerational relationships" and "social support" on "self-care ability" in the elderly with chronic disease. Methods: This analytical study was conducted in 2020 in the educational and medical centers of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Using the available sampling method, 360 elderly patients with chronic disease were included in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires of "intergenerational relationships, social support, self-care". Wilcoxon, linear regression, and linear equation analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 21 and at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of intergenerational relationships (40.7± 4.6) were somewhat good, and social support (85.02±11.31) and self-care (70.8 ± 53.84) was high. There was a positive and significant relationship between social support and intergenerational relationships (β=0.24, P<0.001), but the relationship between intergenerational relationships and self-care (β=0.18, P <0.001) and social support with self-care (r = -0.276, P <0.001) was inverse and significant. Conclusions: With the increase of intergenerational relations, the dimensions of social support in the elderly with chronic diseases increased. Older people with stronger social support and intergenerational relationships were less able to take care of themselves. It seems that the studied elderly left their responsibility of care to the family and therefore paid less attention to themselves.