طراحي الگوي رهبري فرماندهان دوران دفاع مقدس با استفاده از رويكرد تركيبي

Designing a Leadership Model of the Holy Defense Commanders Through Mixed Method

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي رﻫﺒﺮي ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن دوران دﻓﺎع ﻣﻘﺪس اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از روش ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ داده ﺑﻨﯿﺎد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن دوران دﻓﺎع ﻣﻘﺪّس ﯾﮑﯽ از ﯾﮕﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻧﯿﺮوي زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ارﺗﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ 18 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب، و دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ، ﮔﺮدآوري و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار NVivo 10 ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ﮔﺬاري و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن و ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن آن ﯾﮕﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ و ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ 351 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ، ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻬﺎنﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﯾﺜﺎر، ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻣﺤﻮري اﻟﮕﻮي رﻫﺒﺮي ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن دوران دﻓﺎع ﻣﻘﺪّس اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ، ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪﮔﺮ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﺗﺨﺎذ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺮوان، ﺗﻌﻬﺪ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﺻﺪاﻗﺖ، ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي، ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺖ و ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي از ﺳﻮي ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن ﺷﺪه و در اداﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﯿﺮوزي در ﻣﯿﺪان ﻧﺒﺮد، اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ، ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻟﮕﻮي رﻫﺒﺮي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه است

This mixed research is carried out with the aim of designing the leadership model of the commanders of the Holy Defense. Grounded theory method was used in the qualitative part of the research. Statistical population of the research included the commanders of the holy defense era in one of the army units, 18 of whom were selected by purposive sampling method as the sample. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using NVivo-10 software. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the research included the commanders and employees of the same unit whose statistical sample was selected by stratified random sampling method. The data were collected by distribution of 351 copies of a researcher-made questionnaires. The results indicated that the self-sacrifice worldview was a central component of the leadership model of the commanders of the Holy Defense era, which was influenced by causal, intervening and contextual conditions, and caused behavioral strategies such as giving service and providing care to the followers, moral commitment, honesty, emotional and spiritual communication, courage and risk-taking by commanders leading to the realization of consequences such as victory on the battlefield, social cohesion and increased military deterrence. The findings of the structural equations in the quantitative section confirmed the relationships between the components of the designed leadership model.