ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺮژي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﭼﺮا و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ؟

Architecture of Electrical-energy Grids, Why and How?

ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ و اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺰرگ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت از ﯾﮑﺴﻮ و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات و ﻓﻦآوريﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻓﻦآوريﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و در آﯾﻨﺪه ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻓﻦآوريﻫﺎ ﭼﻪ اﺛﺮاﺗﯽ در ﮐﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دارﻧﺪ. ﭼﻨﯿﻦ روﯾﮑﺮدي، ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﮑﯽ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪرت را در درازﻣﺪت ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ روﺑﺮو ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ، ازﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ اﺗﻼف ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ و ﺿﻌﻒ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ داراﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﺮدن اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت در ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺷﺒﮑﻪ، ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ، ﻣﺪلﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از دﯾﺪ ﮐﻼن و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪرت، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ دﺳﺖ را ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ، ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ، ﻧﮑﺎت و ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ دراﯾﻦﺧﺼﻮص اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ و دﺳﺖاﻧﺪرﮐﺎرن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮق ﻣﻔﯿﺪ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد.

Due to the complexity and large size on the one hand and addition of new equipment and technologies on the other hand, power systems may be subject to uneven or uncoordinated development. That is, development and addition of new technologies are mostly done locally, and then their effect on the whole system is observed in future. Such an approach endangers the long-term integrity and security of the power system. From economical point of view, it can also lead to waste of investment and poor asset management. Grid architecture is a topic that has been of interest in recent years to address these problems. Output of the grid architecture usually includes models and roadmaps that are aligned with the goals and requirements of the power system and coordinate downstream activities with upstream ones in the system. This paper presents the concepts, steps, notes and challenges of the grid architecture. A general view of the topic is presented that could be useful for researchers and those who are involved in the electricity industry.