طراحي شبكه مضامين چالش هاي توسعه گردشگري ديني در ج.ا. ايران

Tourism, Tourism development# Religious development#Systematic approach#Interpretive structural modeling (ISM)

«سفر زيارتي اربعين» به شكل پياده، در باور مذهبي ايرانيان جايگاه برجسته اي دارد. زاير پياده اربعين براي اين سفر با چالش هاي متعددي روبرو است كه در صورت حل آن ها، تصميم به اين سفر مي گيرد. اين نوشتار به چالش هاي تصميم گيري زاير پياده ايراني در سفر اربعين و شيوه حل مسيله توسط او پرداخته است. روش مورد استفاده، براي گردآوري داده ها «مردم نگاري» و براي تحليل داده ها، گام هاي مورد استفاده در روش «رويش نظريه » است. در پژوهش حاضر با 39 زاير پياده اربعين 1397 ه.ش. در مسير پياده روي مصاحبه شده است. چالش هاي تصميم گيري در يك مقوله مركزي «چالش فقدان مقتضيات و وجود موانع» خلاصه مي شود. آن دسته از چالش هايي كه زير عنوان «چالش فقدان مقتضيات» جاي مي گيرند: «تامين هزينه سفر»، «توانايي پياده روي»، «يافتن همسفر مناسب»، «فراهم كردن وقت مناسب براي سفر»، «امكان دستيابي به مقصود»، «امكانات سفر پياده ازجمله وسايل نقليه، اسكان، تغذيه، بهداشت» و «آشنايي به راه و مقصد» است. مقوله هاي عمده زيرمجموعه «چالش وجود موانع» عبارت اند از: «ممانعت كنشگراني مانند دولت، كارفرما، مراكز آموزشي، همسر و والدين»، «تزاحم هاي ناشي از: تعهد شغلي، تعهد نگهداري از فرزندان و فشار اجتماعي توليدشده از سوي هم وطنان و تعهد به آن ها» و «احساس ناامني».

Religious tourism plays an important role in Iranian cultural and economic sustainability. Due to the special nature of the Iranian political establishment, this type of tourism provides many potentials for tourism development in different parts of Iran. Making the best use of these capacities requires recognition of the barriers and challenges lying ahead of the development of religious tourism. Therefore, this study set out to identify the challenges facing religious tourism, using thematic analysis (TA) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Moreover, the relationship model between the influential factors involved in this regard was extracted at three levels via the thematic network. Finally, MICMAC analysis was conducted to measure the influence power and dependence of the factors. The required data were collected through library research and administering a questionnaire on 15 experts familiar with the subject matter who were selected through purposive sampling, out of whom 11 experts completed the questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that variables such as lack of attention to the chain of providing religious tourism services, lack of programming, policymaking, and monitoring the religious tourism process, and not allocating budget and financial supports for religious tourism development in Iran played essential and key roles in the non-development of this type of tourism. These variables were placed at the third level of the model that affect the second level variables. It was also found that the variables such as inefficient management of religious tourism facilities and services, inefficient management of religious attractions and events, and improper management of religious tourism marketing were dependent variables that were placed at the first level of the model.