كليدواژه :
ارزيابي آثار زيست‌محيطي , مولفه‌هاي زيست‌محيطي , فاكتورهاي موثر , كروميت , معدن فرومد
چكيده فارسي :
اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل از ﻣﻌﺎدن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ وارد آب، ﺧﺎك و ﻫﻮا ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﺳﺒﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻓﺠﺎﯾﻊ ﻋﻈﯿﻢ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻓﺘﺎدن ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ راﻫﮑﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺎﺋﻖ آﻣﺪن ﺑﺮ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻌﺪن ﮐﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻓﺮوﻣﺪ ﺳﺒﺰوار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮده و روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﻣﺪل رﯾﺎﺿﯽ، از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮا و آراﻣﺶ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ؛ ﺑﯿﻮﺳﻔﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژي ؛ ﻫﯿﺪروﺳﻔﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ آبﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﻟﯿﺘﻮﺳﻔﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺗﺎًﺳﯿﺴﺎت ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، ﺗﺎًﺳﯿﺴﺎت زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و اﻓﺮاد ﺧﺒﺮه اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ ﺷﺪ. آﺛﺎر زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪل رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻓﯿﻠﯿﭙﺲ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻌﺪن در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﺎن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮ از ﻣﻘﺪار ﺻﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ، ﭘﺮوژه از ﻧﻈﺮ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آﻧﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﺪن ﺑﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮا، آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﯽرﺳﺎﻧﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Mines extraction through contaminants that enter water, soil and air can cause huge environmental disasters and even endanger human health. Environmental impacts assessment is a viable solution to overcoming environmental challenges to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of Forumad chromite mine in Sabzevar. This research was a survey and the research method is descriptive-analytical mathematical model type which has been done in two quantitative and qualitative stages. For this purpose, all factors and components affecting the environment, including atmosphere, contains air quality and sound comfort; Biosphere contains ecology; The hydrosphere, including surface and groundwater and lithosphere, which contains land use, surface facilities, underground facilities, landscape of region and the soil of the region, was examined and scored by experts. Mineral environmental effects were evaluated and finally, by using the mathematical model of Phillips, the indicators of sustainable development of the mine in environmental components were quantified and analyzed. As respect that the value obtained for environmental components is greater than zero, the project has been evaluated as environmentally sustainable. However, the results of the environmental components indicate that the mine will damage the air quality, groundwater and soil of the region.
