اثربخشي آموزش كاركردهاي اجرايي بر نشانه هاي نارسايي توجه و مهارت هاي اجتماعي كودكان مبتلا به اختلال بيش فعالي در تبريز

The effect of executive performance training on attention deficit and social skills of children with ADHD in Tabriz

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ )ﺗﻮﺟﻪ، ﺑﺎزداري ﭘﺎﺳﺦ، ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل( ﺑﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ در ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ، در ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن، ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﭘﺴﺮ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﺪارس ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ 4 آﻣﻮزشوﭘﺮورش ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ در ﺳﺎل 1399 ﺑﻮد. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻮرد ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي 4-CSI و ﻣﻘﯿﺎس درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )SSRS( ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در 10 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ )60 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي( آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و در اداﻣﻪ از ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of executive function training (attention, response inhibition, working memory) on attention deficit symptoms and social skills of children with ADHD in Tabriz. This quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male elementary school students in Tabriz district 4. from among this population, 30 students were selected using available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups were pre-tested and answered the CSI-4 questionnaire and the Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS). Next, the experimental group participated in ten training sessions (each lasting 60 minutes) on executive functions, and then, both and control groups took post-test groups. By collecting data, the researcher tested the hypotheses of analysis of covariance using SWS software. The results showed that the mean score of negligence and anxiety in the post-test in the experimental group decreased compared to the pre-test. Also, the mean score of social skills in the post-test in the experimental group increased compared to the pre-test. The results showed that executive function training is effective on the symptoms of attention deficit and social skills of children with ADHD in Tabriz.