جايگاه و نقش عدالت اجتماعي در نظام قضايي اسلام و سياست جنايي جمهوري اسلامي

The position and role of social justice in the Islamic judicial system and the criminal policy of the Islamic Republic

در نظام حقوقي و قضايي اسلام عدالت اجتماعي و عدالت كيفري در پيوندي عميق از جايگاهي منيع برخوردار بوده است. پس از انقلاب اسلامي در ايران شيون مختلف حقوقي، اجتماعي، فرهنگي، سياسي جامعه دچار تحولي بنيادين گرديده و درخواست جامعه و نظام كه در واقع ارزش هاي اسلامي و ديني است تنظيم و تدوين گرديده اند. بررسي نظام حقوقي اسلام و تبيين مختصات سياست جنايي ج.ا.ايران، موضوعي داراي اهميت نظري و كاربردي تلقي و نيازمند فحص و بحث است. نتايج اين مقاله مويد اين مطلب است كه از آنجايي كه ارزش هاي اسلامي و ديني در بستر جامعه مبتني بر عدالت اجتماعي محقق شده لذا اصل بنيادين عدالت اجتماعي به عنوان اساس و ابتناي ساير ارزش هاي انساني و اسلامي محسوب و محور و مولفه اساسي نهاد سياست جنايي اسلام نيز عدالت اجتماعي (البته در تعريف موجود در گفتمان اسلامي) بوده و بر اين مبنا، نظام حقوقي اسلام و به تبع آن مدل سياست جنايي ج.ا.ايران نيز برخلاف نظريات ارايه شده، مدلي «عدالت مدار» خواهد بود.

Criminal policy is a concept that expresses the responses and reactions of the community body (government and civil society) to the criminal phenomenon, which is in fact an embodiment of the management system of strategies and tactics derived from the values that govern society, the legislative, judicial and executive system. , Use it to control crime. In the Islamic legal and judicial system, social justice and criminal justice have a prohibited position in a deep connection to the extent that this component is considered as a criterion for measuring other values. After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, various legal, social, cultural, and political aspects of society have undergone a fundamental change and are theoretically based and in harmony with Islamic teachings, values and goals respected and requested by society and the system, which are in fact Islamic values and religion that has been arranged and compiled. Examining the existing and conventional modeling of different models of criminal policy such as totalitarian, authoritarian, liberal, etc. and comparing their coordinates with the characteristics of the criminal policy of Islam and the Islamic Republic, shows that this issue has always been controversial and sometimes due to Incorrect interpretations of the Islamic model have been interpreted as an example of a pervasive authoritarian model. Therefore, based on the study of the Islamic legal system and the explanation of the coordinates of the criminal policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is a matter of theoretical and practical importance and requires examination and discussion. The results of this article, which have been prepared by descriptive and analytical methods, confirm that since Islamic and religious values have been achieved in the context of a society based on social justice, the basic principle of social justice is considered as the basis of other human and Islamic values. an‎d the basic component of the Islamic criminal policy institution is social justice (of course in the definition in the Islamic discourse) and based on this, the Islamic legal system and consequently the criminal policy model of the Islamic Republic of Iran, contrary to the theories, will be a "justice-oriented" model.