«زير و زبر» و «ويراني» در فرهنگ سروده‌هاي جلال‌الدين محمد بلخي (رومي)

“Rough and tumble” and “Ruin” in Culture of Rumi’s Poetry

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان: »زﯾﺮ و زﺑﺮ« و »وﯾﺮاﻧﯽ« در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺮوده ﻫﺎي ﺟﻼل اﻟـﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤـﺪ ﺑﻠﺨـﯽ روﻣﯽ(، در ﻧﻈﺮ دارد ﺗﺎ از ﻣﯿﺎن رﻣﺰﻫﺎ و اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﻻﻧـﺎ )در ﻣﺜﻨـﻮي و دﯾـﻮان ﮐﺒﯿـﺮ(، ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﯿﻮة ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ـ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، دو اﺻﻄﻼح ﻣﮑﺮر و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ »زﯾﺮ و زﺑـﺮ « و »وﯾﺮاﻧـﯽ « را ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﮐـﺮده و از اﯾـﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﮔﺮه ﮔﺸﺎﯾﯽ از ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺋﯽ اﯾﻦ دو اﺻﻄﻼح، ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﺑﯿﺎت واﺑﺴﺘﻪ را ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮاﻧﻨـﺪه ﺗﺒﯿـﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. آﻧﭽﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺖ و ﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرت از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ: واژﮔﺎن ﯾﺎد ﺷـﺪه در اﺷـﻌﺎر ﻣﻮﻟـﻮي ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ذﯾﻞ ﻟﻐﺎت و ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮات ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ- ﺷﻬﻮدي، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو اﺻﻄﻼح، ﮐﻪ اوﻟﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺳﺮآﻏﺎز ﯾﮏ اﻧﻘﻼب دروﻧﯽ، در راﺳﺘﺎي از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮدن اوﺻﺎف ﺧﺎﮐﯽ و ﺑﺸﺮي، و دوﻣﯽ ﺗﺠﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﯽ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ دوﺑﺎره و ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي اﺳﺖ، ﻻزم و ﻣﻠﺰوم ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ روﺣﯽ و ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ، ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎه ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﮏ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ »زﯾـﺮ و زﺑﺮ« ﻣﺎﻧﺪه و ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ رﻫﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ »وﯾﺮاﻧﯽ« را ﭘﯿﺪا ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.

The present study entitled: "Transformation" and "Destruction" in Jalaludin Mohammad Balkhi’s (Rumi) Poetry intends to analyze two of the most common and prominent mystical terms that are "transformation" and “destruction”, in his Masnavi and Divan Kabir, through untying the meanings of these two terms. It also intends to explain the meaning of pieces of verse that are related to these two themes to the reader. What is concluded from this study is that the mentioned terms have symbolic meanings in Rumi's poems and should be studied with regard to their intuitive and mystical senses and interpretations thereof. These two terms, the first of which indicating the beginning of an internal revolution in order to destroy the earthly and human characteristics, and the latter the manifestation of a vital and spiritual life, are essential to the poet’s thought and they are interdependent. It is found that these two states do not necessarily lead to spiritual and personal growth and excellence separately; while sometimes it happens that the seeker of spiritual or mystical truth remains in the stage of "Transformation" and doesn't succeed in reaching the stage of "Destruction".