ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ آرا و رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ

An Analysis of the Impact of Linguistic Developments on the Views and Approaches of Social Knowledge

واﮐﺎوي ارﺗﺒﺎط داﻧﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮاي داﻧﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺳﺆاﻻت، ﺟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ رﺷﺘﻪ اي ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزد؛ داﻧﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از آﻏﺎز در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺴﻂ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎزد. ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي درﺳﺖ از داﻧﺶ ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر زﺑﺎﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ، ﻧﻘﺶ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ارﺗﺒﺎط داﻧﺶ ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ راه را ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ ﻫﻤﻮار ﺳﺎزد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ارﺗﺒﺎط داﻧﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﻧﺒﻮده، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ را ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮم در اواﯾﻞ ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ داﻧﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻇﻬﻮر روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﻧﮕﺮش ﺟﺪﯾﺪي را ﻓﺮاروي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﻧﻘﻼب روش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﺑﺎن در رواﺑﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮم ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط داﻧﺶ ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ و ﺗﺄﺛّﺮ آن ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶِ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺮون ﻣﺘﻨﯽ داﻧﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﯾﺚ، ﺣﻘﻮق، ادﺑﯿﺎت و... ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ، ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ.

Analyzing the relationships between different scientific fields makes research possible, especially those fields where questions can only be answered by an interdisciplinary analysis. The connection between social knowledge and other scientific fields has long been developed and enabled answering the questions in various fields. Proper use of social science knowledge in explaining religious texts with various linguistic structures is of importance. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was adopted to analyze the relationship between social science knowledge and linguistic approaches to indirectly enable the analysis of religious texts. Studies show that the relationship between social knowledge and other scientific fields has not been established all at once, but has gone through at least three stages. In the third stage, in the early twentieth century, social science was affected by linguistics. The emergence of new linguistic approaches created a novel approach to analysis of social texts. With the methodological revolution in linguistics, structuralist and post-structuralist approaches emerged in the social sciences that emphasized the importance of language in social relations. In this study, considering the third stage, namely the relationship between social science knowledge and linguistics, the bilateral effect of these two fields is shown. Based on this basic research, it is possible to conduct a discourse analysis of the texts in Quran and Hadith, law, literature, and various fields which have a close link with linguistics.