مطالعات آزمايشگاهي بررسي ميزان حذف نيترات و فسفات در سيستم هاي زهكش زيرزميني با استفاده از فيلتر زيستي (مطالعه موردي ناحيه II عمراني رامهرمز)

Laboratory Evaluation of Nitrate and Phosphate Removal in Subsurface Drainage Using Bio filter (Case study: Ramhormoz irrigation and drainage network, CA II, Iran)

ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺣﺬف ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد و راﻧﺪﻣﺎن، ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه اﯾﻦ روش ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف آﻟﻮدﮔ ﯽ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي اﺷـﺒﺎع ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از روشﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﯽ ﮐ ﯿﻔﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴﺘﯽ زﻫﮑﺶﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات و ﻓﺴﻔﺎت در ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﻫﺎي ژﺋﻮﺗﮑﺴـﺘﺎﯾﻞ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﺴـﺎبﻫﺎي زﻫﮑﺸـ ﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺷـﺒﯿﻪﺳـﺎز زﻫﮑﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪي ﻣﻮرد آزـﻣﺎﯾﺶ ، ﺑﺮرﺳــ ﯽ و ـاﻧﺪازهﮔ ﯿﺮي ﻧﯿﺘﺮات و ﻓﺴــﻔـﺎت ورودي ـﺑﻪ ﺳــ ﯿﺴــﺘﻢ و ﻣﻘـﺪار ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ آن از ـﻣﺪل و ﺗﻮاﻧـﺎﯾﯽ ﺣـﺬف اﯾﻦ دو آﻻﯾـﻨﺪه در ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺼـﻨﻮﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻣﺼـﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ از ﻧﻮع PP 450ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﺪل ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس 1/10 ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زﻣﯿﻦ واﻗﻌﯽ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ و ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي زﻫﮑﺸـ ﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده 20 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷـﺪ؛ ﮐﻪ در ﻋﻤﻖ 35 ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي از ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﮐﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷـﺪ. اﻃﺮاف ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي زﻫﮑﺶ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺼـﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﭘﻮﺷـﺎﻧﺪه و در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﯽ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ دﻧﯿﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﮑﺎﺳـ ﯿﻮن و ﺣﺬف ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﺑﺎ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ )ﭘﻮﺷـﺎل ﺟﻮ( ﭘﻮﺷـﺎﻧﺪه ﺷـﺪ. ﺗﻤﺎم ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﮐﻮﻣﻮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات و ﻓﺴــﻔﺎت ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳــﺘﮕﺎه اﺳــﭙﮑﺘﻮﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮ اﻧﺪازهﮔ ﯿﺮي ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ ﻧﺸـﺎن از ﺣﺬف ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ورودي ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﺬﺷـﺖ 20روز از ﺷـﺮوع آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و آزاد ﺷـﺪن ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﭘﻮﺷــﺎل ﺟﻮ را داﺷــﺖ. ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ورودي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل در اﺑﺘﺪاي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ 160 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺷــﺪ؛ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار در ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ 20 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ رﺳـ ﯿﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﺸـﺎن از ﺣﺬف ﺣﺪود 87 درﺻـﺪ از ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ورودي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﺴـﻔﺎت ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ از ﻣﺪل ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺣﺬف ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪ.

The process of biological removal of nitrate in water resources is the most appropriate method in terms of economics, applicability and efficiency. In addition, this method is one of the most suitable methods to remove nitrate contamination in saturated media.In this study, a lab test to check the quality of synthetic coatings for underground drains in Khuzestan province (region 2 Ramhormoz developments) is used. These studies cover a geotextile to reduce nitrate and phosphate in water drainage and recovery has been done. In this study, the development of physical simulators soil drainage Khuzestan (Ramshir) were studied an‎d by measuring nitrate and phosphate input to the output value of the drainage system to remove the contaminants were studied in synthetic filter. Synthetic coatings evaluated in this study (pp 450) are an Iranian manufacturing. Drainage pipe diameter of 20 mm and the full coverage of standard Cuomo received approval. In this study after obtaining an unfavorable result of the removal of nitrate and understand the process of biological and More resources need not necessarily use carbon filters in the filter synthetic organic barley straw was used. The results were very satisfactory, and ultimately the success of the incoming nitrate removal after 20 days of release tests and barley straw carbon was obtained. About 160 milligrams per liter of nitrate input to the model was reduced to approximately 20 milligrams per liter of phosphate which was not fulfilled.