تفسير تطبيقي آيه 159 سوره نساءو ارتباط آن با نزول حضرت عيسي(ع)

The Comparative Exegesis of the 159th Verse of Surah an-Nisā’ and Its Relation to the Return of Prophet Jesus (PBUH

در برخي روايات مربوط به عصر ظهور امام مهدي(عج)، به بازگشت حضرت عيسي(ع) و ياري امام مهدي(عج) توسط ايشان اشاره شده است. در اين‌ باره سؤالي مطرح مي‌شود مبني بر اين كه آيا در قرآن كريم نيز سخني از اين موضوع به‌ميان آمده است يا خير؟ يكي از آياتي كه به بازگشت عيسي مسيح(ع) اشاره دارد، آيه 159 سورۀ نساء است كه مي‌فرمايد: *وَ إِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلاَّ لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ وَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً*. در اين مقاله، به بررسي و تحليل تفاسير فريقين دربارۀ اين آيۀ شريفه مي‌پردازيم. البته در تفسير اين آيه، اختلافاتي بين مفسران شيعه و سني وجود دارد كه اساس اين اختلافات به تفسير ضمير «هاء» در «موته» برمي‌گردد. تعدادي از مفسران اهل‌سنت، مرجع ضمير «هاء» را اهل كتاب دانسته، معتقدند كه يكايك اهل كتاب قبل از مرگ خود به حضرت عيسي(ع) ايمان مي‌آورند؛ درحالي‌كه مفسران شيعه، مرجع ضمير مزبور را حضرت عيسي(ع) مي‌دانند و معتقدند كه آيۀ مزبور به بازگشت ايشان در دوران ظهور حضرت مهدي(عج) و روشن شدن حقايق براي اهل كتاب اشاره دارد. با نقد و بررسي ادله و شواهد هردو گروه، به اين نتيجه مي­رسيم كه مرجع ضمير «هاء» حضرت عيسي(ع) مي‌باشد و منظور، ايمان آوردن اهل كتاب، بعد از ظهور حضرت مهدي(عج) و قبل از مرگ حضرت عيسي(ع) است.

In some narrations about the Age of Reappearance of Imām Mahdi (MAHHR), there has been a mention of the return of Prophet Jesus (PBUH) and his assistance to Imām Mahdi (MAHHR). In this regard, a question is raised on whether the Noble Qur’an has also mentioned a word about this subject or not. One of the Qur’anic verses referring to the return of Prophet Jesus (PBUH) is the 159th verse of Surah an-Nisā’ saying “There is none among the People of the Book but will surely believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Resurrection, he will be a witness against them.” In this article, we deal with the analytical survey of the Sunni and Shi’ite exegeses about this holy verse. Of course, there are some disagreements between the Shi’ite and Sunni commentators on the interpretation of this verse which basically refer to their perception of the pronoun “hā” in “Mawtehi”. Some Sunni commentators regard People of the Book as the reference for the pronoun “hā” and maintain that everyone among the People of the Book will believe in Prophet Jesus (PBUH) before his death. However, Shi’ite commentators think that the reference for the above pronoun is Prophet Jesus (PBUH) and hold that this verse refers to his return in the Age of the Reappearance of Imām Mahdi (MAHHR) and the clarification of truth to the People of the Book. By the critical review of the arguments and evidences of both groups, it is concluded that the reference for the pronoun “hā” is Prophet Jesus (PBUH) and the interpretation of this verse indicates the People of the Book will believe after the reappearance of Imām Mahdi (MAHHR) and before the death of Jesus Christ.