تعيين رابطه ژنتيكي ارقام و ژنوتيپ‌هاي درخت به جمع‌آوري شده از مراكز پيدايش و تنوع اين گونه با استفاده از نشانگرهاي SSR

Determination of Genetic Relationship of Quince Cultivars and Genotypes Collected from Various Centers of Origin and Diversity of this Species by Using SSR Markers

ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ).Cydonia oblonga Mill( ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﻟﺶ در ﺷﻤﺎلﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان و ﻗﻔﻘـﺎز اﺳـﺖ و ﻣﺮاﮐـﺰ ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻣﺘﻌﺪد آن در اﯾﺮان، ﺟﻤﻬﻮري آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ و اروﭘﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، رواﺑﻂ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ و ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه و ﯾﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﻔﻘﺎز در ﺟﻤﻬﻮري آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠـﺎن و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ آن ﺑﺎ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎ و ارﻗﺎم ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اردﺑﯿﻞ، آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠـﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ، ﺗﻬﺮان و ﻧﯿﺰ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎﺋﯽ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ و اروﭘﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 12 و 14 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ SSR ﺳﯿﺐ و ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﺿﻤﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎلﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺐ و ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ، ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ژاﭘﻨﯽ و ﭼﯿﻨﯽ از ﺟﻨﺲ Cydonia ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و 63 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، رﻗﻢ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در ﻫﻔﺖ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ آﻟﻠﯽ )0/968( ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي CH03g06 و KU10 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ژرمﭘﻼﺳﻢ اروﭘﺎ در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺑـﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ ﮐـﻮﺋﯿﻨﺲ C ﺑـﺎ ژرمﭘﻼﺳـﻢ ﺷﻤﺎلﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان و ﻗﻔﻘﺎز ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﺸﺎء اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ژﻧﺘﯿﮑـﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ اﺛﺒﺎت ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي، ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺘﺎﺑﺞ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد دو ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﮑـﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻞ درﺧـﺖ ﺑـﻪ در ﺷـﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان ﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ اروﭘﺎ و ﻣﺴﯿﺮ دوم در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي و ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﻧﻄﺒـﺎق اﯾـﻦ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ارﮔﺎﻧﻮﻟﭙﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﯿﻮه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﺮوه از ژرمﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮد.

The center of origin of quince is Talysh region in northwest of Iran and the Caucasus. There are numerous centers of diversity of this tree species in Iran, Republic of Azerbaijan, Turkey and Europe. In this study, the genetic relationships of genotypes and cultivars of quinces collected from the center of origin of this tree species in the west of Guilan in Iran and the Caucasus region were compared with the genotypes and cultivars from different centers of diversity of this species in Khorasan, Isfahan, Ardabil, Western Azarbaijan and Tehran provinces in Iran as well as genotypes from Turkey and Europe using 12 and 14 pairs of SSR markers developed from apple and pear. SSR markers were successfully transferred to the quinces and led to the distinction of Japanese and Chinese quinces from the genotypes belong to the genus Cydonia, and also grouped 63 quince genotypes in seven clusters. The highest allelic frequency (0.968) was observed in CH03g06 and KU10 markers. The germplasm of Europe was clustered in an independent group, while Quince C was grouped with the germplasm of northwest of Iran and the Caucasus. Analysis of genetic structure of the germplasm approved the results of cluster analysis and confirmed the previous reports in relation to two independent evolutionary pathways of the quinces from the Caucasus and northwest of Iran to Turkey and Europe, and the second pathway toward central and northeast regions of Iran. Comparison of these evolutionary relationships of the quince genotypes with the previous reports on morphological and organoleptic evaluations of fruits indicated that each group of identified germplasm has different breeding potential for being used in quince breeding programs.