كليدواژه :
ﺧﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎي اﺳﮑﻠﺮوﺋﯿﺪي , ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪه , رﻗﻢ ﺗﺠﺎري , ﺳﻔﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ , اﺳﯿﺪ آﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ , گلابي
چكيده فارسي :
در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻫﻔﺖ رﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﭘﻨﺞ رﻗﻢ وارداﺗﯽ ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ).Pyrus communis L( از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻮه و ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﺎﺋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﯿﺘﺮ، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﻋﺼﺎره، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و اﻧـﺪازه ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ اﺳـﮑﻠﺮﺋﯿﺪ، اﺳـﯿﺪ آﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ارﮔﺎﻧﻮﻟﭙﺘﯿﮏ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل 1396 و 1397 ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻮهﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه: ﻓﺮم ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و اﻧﺪازه ﻣﯿﻮه، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ، ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ، ﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﺎر ﻣﯿﻮه، رﻧـﮓ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ ﻋﺪﺳﮏﻫﺎ در رﻧﮓ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ، ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ ﻟﮑﻪ رﻧﮓ روﺋﯽ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت دم ﻣﯿﻮه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ ﮐﻮﺷـﯿﺎ، ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺰﺑـﻮن و اﺳﭙﺎدوﻧﺎ، ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ در ﻧﻬﺎﻟﺴﺘﺎنﻫـﺎي ﮔﻼﺑـﯽ ﮐﺸـﻮر، ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﯿﺎت دمﻣﯿﻮه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: اﻧﺪازه، ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ از ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪه در اﯾﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل در داﻣﻨـﻪ 14 ﺗﺎ 17/4 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن در رﻗﻢ زودرس ﺑﻮره ژﯾﻔـﺎرد و ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن در رﻗـﻢ ﻓﻠﺴـﻄﯿﻨﯽ دﯾـﺪه ﺷـﺪ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﻣﯿـﺰان اﺳﯿﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﯿﻮه ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ 3/4 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﻪ ازاء ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺎزه ﻣﯿﻮه در ارﻗﺎم درﮔﺰي، ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺰﺑﻮن و اﺳﭙﺎدوﻧﺎ ﺗﺎ 11/4 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑـﻪ ازاء ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺎزه ﻣﯿﻮه در رﻗﻢ دﻣﮑﺞ ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﻮه در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽﻫﺎي ارﮔﺎﻧﻮﻟﭙﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺰﺑﻮن ﺑـﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﻮه آن ﺑﺴﯿﺎرﻋﺎﻟﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﻮه اﯾﻦ رﻗـﻢ در زﻣـﺎن رﺳـﯿﺪن و ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﯿﺎت ﺑـﺎﻏﯽ ﻧﻈﯿـﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري روي ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي روﯾﺸﯽ و ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﺗﺸﮏ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻤﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ ﺗﺠﺎري ﮔﻼﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
In the present study, seven native and five introduced pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars were evaluated for fruit morphological traits and biochemical characteristics including total soluble solids, total titratable organic acids, acidity of juice, sclereid cell density and size, ascorbic acid and organoleptic attributes. The results showed that in fruit morphological evaluations, the most important distinguishing traits were general shape and fruit size, length: diameter ratio, position of maximum diameter, fruit side profile, background color and size of lentils in ground color, size of over color area and the characteristics of fruit stalk. Also, three very similar cultivars, Coscia, Louis Bonne and Spadona, showed that these similarities has caused synonym and homonym names for them in some nurseries. However, they were distinguishable by the fruit characteristics including size, thickness and curvature of stalks. Total soluble solids contents of fruit varied from 14 to 17.4%, and the lowest was observed in Beurre Giffard cultivar and the highest in Felestini. Total titratable acid content of the fruit also varied between 3.4 mg g-1 of fresh weight in cv. Dargazi, cv. Louis Bonne and cv. Spadona and 11.4 mg g-1 of fresh weight in cv. Domkaj. In general, the highest overall score of fruit quality in organoleptic evaluations belonged to cv. Louis Bonne, which due to its excellent quality at the ripening time and other characteristics such as compatibility with the clonal rootstocks and fire blight tolerance has become the most popular commercial pear cultivar in Iran, in recent years.
