اثرات تغذيه‌اي دانه‌‌هاي روغني كلزا و سويا آسياب شده به عنوان مكمل چربي بر عملكرد ميش‌هاي قزل در دوره‌ي انتقال

Nutritional effects of ground cannula and soybean as a fat supplement on performance of Ghezel ewes during the transition period

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺎه آﺧﺮ آﺑﺴﺘﻨﯽ، ﺟﺰء ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﺮاي دامﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي و اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿـﺎز در اﯾـﻦ زﻣﺎن اﻣﺮي ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻧﺮژي ﮐﺎﻓﯽ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن، اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﺑﺘﻼء دام ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻣﺘـﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﮑﯽ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ اﻧﺮژي ﺟﯿﺮه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از داﻧﻪﻫﺎي روﻏﻨﯽ از ﺑﺮوز آن ﭘﯿﺸـﮕﯿﺮي ﮐـﺮد ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات داﻧﻪي ﮐﻠﺰا و ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﺮ، ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﯿﺮ ﺷـﮑﻤﺒﻪ اي و ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﯿﺶﻫﺎي ﻗﺰل در دورهي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 16 رأس ﻣﯿﺶ ﻗـﺰل ﺑـﺎ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳـﻨﯽ ﺳـﻪ ﺳـﺎل و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزن )kg 59±3/8( و در ﯾـﮏ دوره ي 74 روزه )14روز ﻋـﺎدت دﻫـﯽ و 60 روزه ﺛﺒـﺖ ﺻـﻔﺎت ( اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ . ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫـﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 1- ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺟﯿﺮهي ﺑﺪون ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ( 2- ﺟﯿﺮهي ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﺣﺎوي 5 درﺻﺪ داﻧﻪ ﮐﻠﺰاي آﺳﯿﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ، 3- ﺟﯿﺮهي ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﺣﺎوي 5 درﺻﺪ داﻧﻪي ﺳﻮﯾﺎي آﺳﯿﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ و 4- ﺟﯿﺮهي ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﺣﺎوي ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط 5 درﺻﺪ داﻧﻪي ﮐﻠﺰا و ﺳﻮﯾﺎي آﺳﯿﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ 50:50ﺑﻮد. ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط در دو ﻧﻮﺑـﺖ 6:00 و 18:00 در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر دامﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار داده ﻣﯽﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ وزن ﺑـﺮه ﻫـﺎ در دوره ﺑﻌـﺪ از زاﯾـﺶ، ﻫﻤـﻪ روزه ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺎﺳـﮑﻮل دﯾﺠﯿﺘـﺎﻟﯽ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺶﻫﺎ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﺷﯿﺮ در دو روز ﻣﺘـﻮاﻟﯽ ﺟﻤـ ﻊآوري و ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﯿﻠﮑﻮاﺳﮑﻦ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﯿﺮ ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪاي، در روز ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ از زاﯾﺶ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺳﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺮي ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﺧﻮن ورﯾﺪي ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ورﯾﺪ وداج در روز ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ زاﯾﺶ، ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿـﺮي ﻓﺮآﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وزن ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺮهﻫﺎ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻮراك ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات روزاﻧﻪي وزن ﻣﯿﺶﻫﺎ در دورهي ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از زاﯾـﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وزن ﺑﺮهﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﺪاد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﯿﺮ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪهي ﺟﯿﺮه ﺣﺎوي داﻧﻪي ﮐﻠﺰا ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد )0/05

The last month of pregnancy is one of the critical stages for cattle. Providing the nutrients and energy needed at this time is vital, as In sufficient energy supply at this time increases the risk of metabolic diseases in livestock, which can be greatly prevented by increasing the energy density of the diet using oilseeds. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate Nutritional effects of cannula and soybean as a fat supplement on performance of Ghezel ewes during the transition period Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried in a completely randomized design using 16 ghezel ewes with an average age of three years and an average weight of ±59.8 kg in a 74-day period (14 days of adapting and 60 days of experiment). Treatments included: 1. Control (diet without fat supplementation) 2. Base diet containing 5% milled cannula as a source fat supplementation, 3. Base diet it contained 5% of milled soybean source fat supplementation and 4. Base diet containing 5% mixture of cannula and soybean at 50:50. The rations were given to the cattle in a completely mixed manner at 6:00 and 18:00. The weight gain of lambs in the postpartum period was measured daily using a digital scale. In order to determine the milk produced and the composition of ewes' milk, milk samples were collected on two consecutive days and analyzed using a Milco-scanner. Rumen fluid sample was taken to evaluate the parameters of ruminal fermentation on the twentieth day after delivery using esophageal catheter. Intravenous blood samples were taken from the venous vein on the twentieth day after delivery to measure blood counts. Results: The results showed that the birth weight of lambs, the amount of feed intake and daily changes in the weight of ewes before and after calving were not affected by experimental treatments (p < 0.05). Weight gain of lambs did not show a significant difference between treatments. Milk production was significantly higher in the diet of cannula (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the amount of milk compounds (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in blood triglyceride, cholesterol and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels between different experimental treatments. The amount of glucose and total blood protein in the postpartum period showed a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). However, the amount of blood urea nitrogen in the postpartum period was higher in soybean treatment than other treatments (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in pH and the amount of major volatile fatty acids in the rumen including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and iso valeric acid (P <0.05). The control treatment had the lowest digestibility of protein and the highest digestibility of insoluble fibers in neutral detergent among the treatments (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of oilseed cannula as a fat source at the level of 5% can improve milk production without changing the composition of milk and feed intake. However, more studies are needed in this area.