پديد آورندگان :
عبدپور، علي رضا دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه آموزشي مهندسي آب و مديريت كشاورزي، اردبيل، ايران , سيد شريفي، رضا داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺤﻘﻖ اردبيلي - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم داﻣﯽ , محمدي، آكو دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه آموزشي مهندسي آب و مديريت كشاورزي، اردبيل، ايران
كليدواژه :
اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن , ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷﯿﺮ , رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺗﻮﺑﯿﺖ , ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
سابقه و هدف: يكي از مهمترين شاخص‌هاي مهم اقتصادي در فرآيند توليد محصولات كشاورزي، شاخص كارايي مي‌باشد. با توجه به افزايش روز افزون رقابت و پيچيده شدن روابط اقتصادي بين واحدهاي توليدي، امروزه اندازه‌گيري كارايي توليد بخصوص در واحدهاي دامي درجهت ايجاد برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي لازم و اتخاذ تصميم‌هاي بهينه در فرآيند مديريت اينگونه واحدها از اهميت شاياني برخوردار مي‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزيابي كارايي‌هاي فني، تخصيصي و اقتصادي و تعيين عوامل تاثير‌گذار بر آنها در گاوداري‌هاي صنعتي استان كردستان انجام شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: داده‌هاي اين پژوهش مربوط به سال 1398 بوده كه جمع‌آوري آمار و اطلاعات آن با روش مطالعه اسنادي، مصاحبه حضوري انجام شده است. در اين تحقيق جهت تجزيه و تحليل‌هاي مربوط به كارايي و مشخص نمودن عوامل تاثير‌گذار بر آنها از نرم افزار‌‌هاي Deap 2.1 و Eviews 9 استفاده شد. براي طراحي مدل تحليل پوششي داده‌ها، متغير‌هاي اصلي مورد استفاده در تحقيق شامل، اندازه گله، خوراك و كنسانتره، نيروي انساني، بهداشت، توليد شير و توليد كود دامي و مجموع درآمدهاي مختلف تعيين گرديد. كارايي گاوداري‌هاي صنعتي در چارچوب كارايي فني با بازده ثابت به مقياس، كارايي فني با بازده متغير به مقياس، كارايي مقياس، كارايي تخصيصي و كارايي اقتصادي بررسي گرديد. محاسبات كارايي با فرض حداقل نمودن هزينه‌هاي توليد در قالب عملكرد گاوداري‌هاي صنعتي استان كردستان انجام و نتايج به صورت سالانه حاصل شد. جهت تعيين عوامل موثر بر مقدار كارايي‌هاي بدست آمده از آناليز رگرسيون توبيت و آماره والد استفاده شد.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزده ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس 0/814 و ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزده ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘﯿـﺎس 0/943 ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﯾﻦ واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎي داﻣﭙﺮوري 0/859 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در آن 22 واﺣﺪ ﭘﺮورش ﮔﺎو ﺷﯿﺮي ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﺎزده اﻓﺰاﺑﺸـﯽ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس و 2 واﺣﺪ آن ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزده ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ 0/824، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺼﯽ 0/818 و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي 0/680 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﯿﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑﯿﺠـﺎر ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ و در ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﻗﺮوه ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را در ﺑﯿﻦ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ. ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻦ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﺟـﺎري در ﮐـﺎراﯾﯽ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي از ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔـﺬاري ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ 34%، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺼـ ﯽ 14% و ﮐـﺎرا ﯾﯽ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎد ي 24%، واﺣـﺪﻫﺎ ي ﭘﺮورش ﮔﺎو ﺷﯿﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺎرا ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﻘﯿﻪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﮐﺎرا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮔﺎوداريﻫﺎ و وﺿـﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﯾﺮان در ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي داﻣﺪاري اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻠﻪ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮوش دامﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﺮي ﻣﺴﻦ و ﺗﻠﯿﺴﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﮋاد ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داده و در ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ و ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻧﻬﺎدهﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮيﻫﺎي ﻻزم را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
One of the most important economic indicators in the process of agricultural production is efficiency index. Due to the increasing competition and complexity of economic relations between production units, today measuring the efficiency of production, especially in livestock units to create the necessary planning and make optimal decisions in the management process of such units is of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies and determine the factors affecting them in industrial farms in Kurdistan province.
Materials and Methods: The data of this research is related to the year 2019, in which statistics and information were collected through documentary study and face-to-face interviews. In this study, Deap 2.1 and Eviews 9 software were used to analyze the performance and determine the factors affecting them. To design the data envelopment analysis model, the main variables used in the study, including herd size, feed and concentrate, manpower, health, milk production and livestock manure production and the sum of different incomes were determined. The efficiency of industrial farms was evaluated in the framework of technical efficiency with constant return to scale, technical efficiency with variable return to scale, scale efficiency, allocation efficiency and economic efficiency. Performance calculations were performed assuming the minimization of production costs in the form of performance of industrial farms in Kurdistan province and the results were obtained annually. To determine the factors affecting the amount of performance obtained, Tobit regression analysis and parent statistics were used.
Results: The results showed that technical efficiency with constant efficiency compared to the scale is 0.814 and with variable efficiency compared to the scale is 0.943. The scale efficiency of these livestock units was calculated to be 0.859 in which 22 dairy cattle breeding units with incremental returns to scale and 2 units with decreasing returns to scale were reported. The amount of technical efficiency in general was calculated as 0.824, allocation efficiency as 0.818 and economic efficiency as 0.680. In the general evaluation, milk production efficiency in Bijar city had the highest and in Qorveh city the lowest amount among other cities of this province. Decreasing the age of managers and increasing household manpower in technical efficiency as well as decreasing age and increasing fixed and current investments in economic efficiency had a positive and significant effect.
Conclusion: In general, in Kurdistan province, in terms of technical efficiency of 34%, allocation efficiency of 14% and economic efficiency of 24%, dairy cattle breeding units are operating at an efficient level and the rest of the units are inefficient. Given the conditions of farms and the current state of the Iranian economy in the short term, it is better for livestock units to reduce their herd size by selling older dairy cattle and native heifers and optimally reviewing the supply and allocation of production inputs. Do the necessary.
