پديد آورندگان :
ﻣﺤﻤﺪآﺑﺎدي، ﻃﺎﻫﺮه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم داﻣﯽ و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، خوزستان، اﯾﺮان , ﺣﺴﯿﻨﯽ، ﺳﻤﯿﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم داﻣﯽ و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، خوزستان، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
ﭘﻨﯿﺮك , ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﺮ , ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻀﻢ , ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد راﻧﺪﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﺮژي در ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ و ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﺣﯿﻮان ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﭘﻨﯿﺮك )Malva sylvestris ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﺸﺖ آن در ﯾﮏ دوره ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل 10 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮگ و ﮔﻞ ﭘﻨﯿﺮك ﺣﺎوي ﺗﺎﻧﻦ، اﮔﺰاﻻت ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ، ﻣﻮاد ﭘﮑﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻼژ، آﻧﺘﻮﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ و وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮده و وﺟﻮد وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦ C و ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﯿﺮ داﺷﺖ. اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻨﯿﺮك ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﯿﺮ، آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺒﺪي، ﮔﻮارش ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي و ﻓﺮاﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮن ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﺷﯿﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ از ﻫﺸﺖ رأس ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﺷﯿﺮي، ﺷﮑﻢ ﭼﻬﺎرم و ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ وزن 600±12 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﮐﻪ در اواﯾﻞ ﺷﯿﺮواري )ﻣﺎه ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺷﯿﺮدﻫﯽ( و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ 6 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﯿﺮه ﺑﺪون ﭘﻨﯿﺮك و ﺟﯿﺮه ﺣﺎوي 500 ﮔﺮم ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻨﯿﺮك ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎه ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. دام ﻫﺎ در آﺧﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﻔﺮادي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ و ﻋﺎدت ﭘﺬﯾﺮي آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﯿﺮه ﺑﺮاي ﯾﮏ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آب ﺗﻤﯿﺰ و ﮐﺎﻓﯽ در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، ﺧﻮراك ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﺮ و ﺑﺎر ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ، ﮐﻠﺴﺘﺮول، ﺗﺮي ﮔﻠﯿﺴﺮﯾﺪ، ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن اوره اي ﺧﻮن و آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺒﺪي ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. داده ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻮﮐﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري 5 درﺻﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و ﻻﮐﺘﻮز ﺷﯿﺮ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮑﺮد، اﻣﺎ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﯿﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ )P<0/05(. ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﺑﺎر ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮ ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻨﯿﺮك، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ )P<0/05(. ﻣﯿﺰان ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ، ﮐﻠﺴﺘﺮول و ﺗﺮي ﮔﻠﯿﺴﯿﺮﯾﺪ ﺧﻮن در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺣﺎوي ﭘﻨﯿﺮك ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد )P<0/05(، اﻣﺎ اوره ﺧﻮن و آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﺒﺪي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و اﻟﯿﺎف ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺷﻮﯾﻨﺪه ﺧﻨﺜﯽ در ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻨﯿﺮك اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ )P<0/05(.نتيجه گيري: استفاده از گياه پنيرك در جيره گاو ميش هاي شيري نه تنها اثرات منفي بر عملكرد گاو ميش شيري نداشت بلكه باعث افزايش توليد شير و كاهش بار ميكروبي شير شد، بنابراين مي تواند به عنوان يك مكمل مناسب در تغذيه گاو ميش هاي شيري استفاده شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Metabolites of medicinal plants are used to improve energy efficiency in the rumen and animal productivity. Malva sylverstris is a plant whose cultivation yield in a quarterly period is estimated at 10 tons per hectare. Malva sylverstris leaves and flowers contain tannins, calcium oxalate, pectic substances and mucilage, anthocyanins, rich in vitamins, and due to the presence of vitamin C and flavonoids, many uses have been mentioned for this plant. In some studies, the use of herbs had an increasing effect on milk production performance.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Malva sylverstris nutrition on milk production and composition, liver enzymes, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters of dairy buffaloes.
Material and methods: Eight khuzestani dairy buffaloes, 4-5 parities, average weight 600±12 kg in the early lactation (forth months), average milk production 6 liter, were used. Buffaloes randomly fed with a diet without Malva sylverstris and diet containing 500 g Malva sylverstri/ dry matter plant for one month. Animals were kept in individual stables and adaption to the diet was performed for one week. Sufficient and clean water was provided to the buffaloes.
At the end of the experiment, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production, quality and microbial load of milk were measured. Buffalo blood parameters such as glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride, urea and liver enzymes were determined. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design and the means were compared with the Tukey test at significance level of 5%.
Results: The results showed that milk fat, protein, and lactose of milk did not change in the experimental treatments (P >0.05), but dry matter intake and milk production of buffaloes increased. According to the results, the milk microbial load of buffaloes fed Malva sylverstris decreased (P <0.05). Blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the Malva sylverstris treatment were lower than the control treatment (P <0.05). Blood urea and liver enzymes were not affected by the treatments (P >0.05). Nutrient digestibility like dry matter, crud protein, and nautral detergent fiber in buffaloes fed Malva sylverstris increased (P <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the result of the present study, the use of Malva sylverstris plant in the diet of dairy buffaloes not only did not have negative effects on the production performance of dairy buffaloes but also increased milk production and reduced the microbial load of milk, therefore it can be used as an appropriate supplement in the dairy buffaloes.
