فعاليت ضدميكروبي عصاره هاي Satureja khozistanica، Peganum harmala و Satureja sahendica بر رشد پلانكتونيك و تشكيل بيوفيلم باكتري Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Satureja khuzistanica, Peganum harmala, Satureja sahendica on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف:Staphylococcus aureus ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖزا در اﻧﺴـــﺎن ﺑﻪﺷـــﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. درﻣﺎن ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ آﻧﺘﯽﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸـﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ اﺳـﺖ. در ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﻨﯽ از ﻣﻮاد داراي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺿـﺪﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺿـﺪﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﻋﺼـﺎرهﻫﺎي اﺗﯿﻞ اﺳـﺘﺎﺗﯽ، ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ و آب ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن Peganum harmala ، Satureja khozistanica و Satureja sahendica ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻧﯿﮏ و ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ S. aureus ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎ از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺿﺪﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش اﻧﺘﺸﺎر از دﯾﺴﮏ و رﻗﺖﺳﺎزي در ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ از ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺳﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ، ﭘﺲ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي 400-3 /125 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ از ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺪم رﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﺼﺎره اﺗﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯽ Satureja sahendica)28/6±0 /6ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره اﺗﯿﻞاﺳﺘﺎﺗﯽSatureja khozistanica داراي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ و ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ S. aureus ﺑﻮد؛ ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻬﺎرﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ رﺷﺪ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ آن ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1 /562و 3 /125ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽSatureja khozistanica ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻬﺎر 57 /89 ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره در ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﺗﺼﺎل ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻮد و در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 50ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ از ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﺎﻣﺒﺮده داراي اﺛﺮﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮ S. aureusﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽSatureja khozistanica داراي اﺛﺮ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺑﻮد.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in humans. Due to the antibiotic resistance, treatment of staphylococcal infections is difficult. Among the alternative treatment options, plants are considered as a rich source of material with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the antimicrobial effects of ethyl acetatic, methanolic and water-methanolic extracts from Satureja khuzistanica, Peganum harmala, Satureja sahendica on planktonic growth and biofilm formation of S. aureus. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared from different parts of plants and the antimicrobial properties of the extracts were determined by disk diffusion and microbroth dilution method. Also, Crystal violet staining assay was used to evaluate the ability to inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus strains. Disruption of pre-formed biofilms of S. aureus strains were evaluated following exposure to plant extracts in different concentrations (ranging from 3/125 to 400mg/ml). Results: The highest inhibitory zones were showed by ethyl acetatic extract of Satureja sahendica (28/6±0.6mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethyl acetatic extract of S.khuzistanica were 1/562 and 3/125mg/ml, respectively. Besides, methanolicextract of S. khuzistanica was the most effective extract in inhibition of microbialcells attachment to surface (57/89%) and it showed disruption of pre-formedbiofilms at the concentration of 50 mg/ml. Conclusion: The extracts of all mentioned plants had satisfactory antimicrobialeffects against the planktonic growth of S. aureus and methanolic extract of S.khuzistanica was effective against biofilm formation of S. aureus.