طراحي و ساخت پرسشنامه علاقه به مدرسه در بين دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدايي

Designing and Constructing of Interest to School Questionnaire among Elementary School Students

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع روانﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي دوم، ﺳﻮم، ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﭘﻨﺠﻢ و ﺷﺸﻢ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 99-1398 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ آنﻫﺎ 420 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ 14 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار CVR ﺳﺆاﻻت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻻوﺷﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده 0/57 ﺗﺎ 0/99 و ﻣﯿﺰان S- CVI ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﮔﯿﺮي 0/87 ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻫﺮ ﺳﺆال، وﺟﻮد ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽ دروﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﯾﯽ ﻣﻼﮐﯽ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﻤﺮه ﮐﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/01 ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. رواﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزهاي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ )ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ، ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ و ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ(، ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 75/18 درﺻﺪ از وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﮐﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. آﻟﻔﺎي آلفاي كرونباخ براي كل پرسشنامه 0/98 و براي هر كدام از عامل‌ها به ترتيب 0.979, 0.926 ,0.845, به‌دست آمد. در نتيجه پرسشنامه علاقه به مدرسه با 28 گويه، جهت سنجش علاقه به مدرسه در دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدايي از اعتبار و روايي مطلوبي برخوردار است

The purpose of this study was design and construct of questionnaire interest to school among elementary school students. The research method was descriptive by psychometrics. The population of research was all of elementary students in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades in West Azerbaijan province in the academic year of 2019-20, that among them 420 people selected by randomly multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaire content validity was reviewed and confirmed by 14 professors. The CVR value of each question using the Lawshe formula in the range, 0.57 to 0.99 and the S-CVI was calculated 0.87 by Averaging formula. After examining the reliability indices of each question, the existence of high internal consistency in the questionnaire was confirmed. In order to investigate criterion validity, the correlation between the total score of the questionnaire and the correlation between each item and the criterion were calculated that the results were significant at the level of 0.01., The construct validity of the questionnaire through exploratory factor analysis with three factors (participation in school activities, commitment to school and connectedness to school), which explained 75.18% of the total variance of the questionnaire, also was examining and confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.98 and for each of the factors were 0.979, 0.926 and 0.845, respectively. As a result, the interest to school questionnaire with 28 items for measure the interest to school in the elementary school students, has the optimal reliability and validity.