ارائة الگوي منطقه‌بندي شهري بهينه در ايران (نمونة موردي: شهر رشت)

A pattern for optimal urban zoning in Iran (Case study: Rasht)

ﺗﻌﺪد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻧﻮع ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اداري ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ادارة ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ در اﯾﺮان از ﺳﻮي ﻧﻬﺎد واﺣﺪي ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﯿﺮد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺧﻮد، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ ﺧﻮد اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اداري ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪد ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﮥ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﮥ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اداري را در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻬﺮي و اراﺋﮥ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي اﯾﺮان در ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري و زﻣﯿﻦ آﻣﺎري اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اداري ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎرت ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﺮق، ﮔﺎز، آب و ﻓﺎﺿﻼب، ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮات و ﺷﻬﺮداري، ﻧﺸﺎن از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ آن ﻫﺎ دارد ﮐﻪ آزﻣﻮن اﺳﭙﯿﺮﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﯿﻦ وﺳﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد- ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ آن ﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اداري- ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻬﺮ را ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺧﻮدﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮥ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺘﻮازن ﺗﺮ و ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اداري ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻧﺸﺎن از وﺟﻮد 9 ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺎن ﺑﺪون ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﻣﺮز ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﻮرد از ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق، ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮات ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

The multiplicity of existing organizations along with the type of administrative system of the country has caused the administration of cities in Iran not to be done by one organization. On the other hand, in order to facilitate the performance and service, as well as the full coverage of the area under their management, each of these organizations, using the instructions of their superior organization, perform administrative zoning. The present study was conducted to investigate the situation of urban zoning and provide an optimal zoning model for integrated urban management in Rasht. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical which has been performed using statistical and geostatistical methods. The results of the status quo of administrative zones which are under supervision of five organizations (municipality, water and sewage and telecommunications Depts. electric and gas) indicate their random and heterogeneous zoning. The Spearman test confirms the direct relationship between the extent of the areas and number of their interferences as well as the overlapped administrative area and distances from the city center. It was also found that the indicators used by organizations are not suitable for zoning. While the proposed population density index has an acceptable autocorrelation coefficient in the proposed optimal areas, the proposed areas are more balanced and homogeneous in terms of geometric shape and population covered. Also, the evaluation of the degree of interference of the proposed administrative areas indicates the existence of nine overlapping areas without the intersection of the border between the proposed areas.